Lesson 1
When creating the initial budget the team researched prices of bulk materials and online supplies. However, it was opted to buy the components by unit and in local stores. After the final mechanical design, a second purchase order was needed because the number of bolts, washers, and nuts had increased. At that moment, the team realized that the first decision was wrong. Material costs increased considerably by not buying fastening components in bulk. Luckily, the project was able to save money with other components. Figure 24 illustrates the values of a package with 50 units of M6 nut. Figure 25 shows the cost paid by 25 units of M6 nuts in a local Hardware Store.
Lesson 2
The project had team members responsible for individual tasks, but since it is a group project in various tasks we decided to have all team members present to perform the tasks. All team members were working together on quotation, evaluation, purchasing, electrical assembly, and mechanical assembly. If the idea of one person for each above-mentioned task was followed, the project could have achieved cost reduction.
Figure 24 - A package with 50 units costing $15.89.
Figure 25 - A total of 25 nuts, 5 packages of 5 units each, cost $16.45.
Lesson 3
When Gantt Chart was created the project did not have a contingency budget for individual phases. The Gantt chart did not consider other course deadlines, quizzes, and tests happening around and even on the same days as task due dates. The Project Manager advisor, Professor Volkening, pointed out that some contingency hours should be added to the Gantt chart. By doing so the project remained between acceptable limits at the end of the design and assembly phases. The project fell slightly behind schedule due to two reasons. The first was when the creation of prototype drawings took more time than planned. The second was when conflict with other courses deadlines occurred.
Lesson 4
In a project, the tasks happening at the moment are a priority. However, looking for what should happen in the following weeks is also critical. The project followed the Gantt Chart perfectly until the fabrication phase. A considerable delay happened during the machining parts task. Initially, only one week was considered for this task. However, this phase lasted 4 weeks due to not booking the machine shop earlier and schedule conflicts between classes and machine shop availability. This delay forced the team to anticipate future tasks to keep the project going while mechanical parts were not ready for assembly. Programming next week’s work is crucial to avoid delays that can potentially destroy the credibility of a project.
Ray
Lesson 1
The technical issue that Ray encountered while doing this project was that some of the chain pins snapped while inserted into the chain link. This happened due to design incompatibility with the material used. He learned that the material strength varies when he changes the original material from aluminum to nylon while keeping the same design. Therefore, a modification in the design had to be done (Figure 26). To prevent such issues in the future, it is important to consider the material type and strength before finalizing the design.
Lesson 2
The second technical issue that Ray encountered was when the individual parts were directly assembled as one in SolidWorks. Whenever he added a new part to the assembly, some parts shifted direction instead of staying in place. He learned that for some reason when multiple parts are put together in one assembly, the joints that connect one part to another affect its structure by causing it to shift direction. Therefore, to avoid this kind of issue he made a solution to make multiple sub-assemblies with only a few parts and those sub-assemblies will be put together as one assembly (Figure 27).
Figure 26 - Before and after Modification.
Figure 27 - Sub assembly to Main Assembly
Charlito
Lesson 1
Several lessons were realized during the project's process, but the most significant one that stood out was when Charlito experienced building the entire electrical circuit from scratch based on the electrical design. Charlito learned to read schematic diagrams and data sheets intricately without overlooking important information needed and wired the circuit with proper color coding to avoid confusion during the troubleshooting phase. Figure 28 shows the electric circuit with color code. As a result, pins 8 and 9 of the OR gate were easily traced to be defective for not providing the correct voltage output and were replaced. This method is recommended for any future projects.
Lesson 2
Another lesson was learned during the project's process when the team reached the manufacturing phase. At this stage, all parts needed to be fabricated, requiring a cutting process. Charlito acquired the skill of operating an automated band saw machine, including properly setting the piece in the holder, adjusting feed settings, activating coolant, and understanding safety features. This effort aimed to cut the desired sizes needed for the structural assembly. As a result, the next procedure at the milling operation was conducted smoothly and efficiently. This operation is recommended to be learned as an additional skill and can be useful in future projects.
Figure 28 - Electrical circuit
Gian
Lesson 1
One lesson learned by Gian was that a virtual breadboard is useful for electronic circuit simulation. However, components react differently when wired in a physical breadboard.
During initial troubleshooting, the logic gates were behaving differently than on simulation. The components’ inputs presented an undefined state when their respective switch was in the off position. Voltage measurements, wiring checks, and online research on the component technical documentation were performed. It was discovered that a pull-down resistor was required to provide 0VDC for the inputs when the switch was in the off position. Figure 29 displays the 10k ohms resistors installed in the inputs.
A recommendation for future projects is to read the component technical documentation and check examples of common utilization before finishing the electrical design. Gian understands that knowing more about how components work will save time while troubleshooting.
Lesson 2
A second lesson learned was that adding details to drawings demands time, but it is indeed worth it. During the assembly phase, Gian and his team members assembled some aluminum bars with the wrong overlapping order.
This mistake in the mechanical assembly was realized when assembling the structure altogether. It was quickly and easily corrected after checking the drawings and the part numbers of the trash rack frame assembly. The high level of detail added to the mechanical drawings was not only important in the machining phase but also in the final assembly. A suggestion for future projects is to keep focusing on adding a high level of detail in both electrical and mechanical drawings. Doing so ensures that any person can assemble.
Figure 29: Selector switch and pull-down resistors are indicated by arrows.