A scientific conference was convened in Villach (Austria) in late 1985 to assess the role of greenhouse gases on climate and potential associated impacts. The conference statement that emerged was a critical milestone in elevating global warming science and bringing it to the attention of the public and policy makers. The statement runs to several pages but one of the opening lines carries the most punch:
As a result of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, it is now believed that in the first half of the next century [i.e. now], a rise of global mean temperature could occur which is greater than any in man’s history.
One consequence was the establishment in 1988 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organization. Its initial task was to prepare a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge related to climate change, potential impacts, and possible response strategies.*
The IPCC has had notable longevity. It completed its First Assessment Report in 1990 and has gone on to produce five more. The most recent (sixth) assessment appeared between August 2021 and April 2022 as three volumes related to: the physical science basis; impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability; and miti¬gation. Cycle six was completed with the publication of an additional synthesis report in March 2023. Each of the substantive reports has a technical summary and an easy-read summary for policy makers. Additional reports on special topics and methodology have been produced between full cycles.
The IPCC seventh assessment cycle is currently underway.
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* Resolution 43/53 “Protection of global climate for present and future generations of mankind”. United Nations General Assembly 70 plenary meeting, 6 December 1988.