In an ancient Roman house, an atrium was an open central court that contained the impluvium, a basin where rainwater collected. It originally contained the hearth and functioned as the center of family life. The term later came to be used for the open front courtyard of a Christian basilica, where congregants collected before services. The atrium was revived in the 20th century in the form of glass-covered, greenery-filled multistory spaces sometimes found in shopping centers, office buildings, and large hotels.
In architecture, an atrium (pl.: atria or atriums)[1] is a large open-air or skylight-covered space surrounded by a building.[2]Atria were a common feature in Ancient Roman dwellings, providing light and ventilation to the interior. Modern atria, as developed in the late 19th and 20th centuries, are often several stories high, with a glazed roof or large windows, and often located immediately beyond a building's main entrance doors (in the lobby).
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Atria are a popular design feature because they give their buildings a "feeling of space and light."[3] The atrium has become a key feature of many buildings in recent years.[4] Atria are popular with building users, building designers and building developers. Users like atria because they create a dynamic and stimulating interior that provides shelter from the external environment while maintaining a visual link with that environment. Designers enjoy the opportunity to create new types of spaces in buildings, and developers see atria as prestigious amenities that can increase commercial value and appeal.[5]
In a domus, a large house in ancient Roman architecture, the atrium was the open central court with enclosed rooms on all sides. In the middle of the atrium was the impluvium, a shallow pool sunken into the floor to catch rainwater from the roof. Some surviving examples are beautifully decorated. The opening in the ceiling above the pool (compluvium) called for some means of support for the roof, and it is here where one differentiates between five different styles of atrium. As the centrepiece of the house, the atrium was the most lavishly furnished room. Wealthier houses often included a marble cartibulum, an oblong marble table supported by trapezophoros pedestals depicting mythological creatures like winged griffins.[6] Also, it contained the little chapel to the ancestral spirits (lararium), the household safe (arca) and sometimes a bust of the master of the house. The cylindrical puteal (a wellhead) gave access to the water cistern fed by water seeping through the porous bottom of the overlying impluvium. The atrium contributed to the passive cooling of the house.
The term was also used for a variety of spaces in public and religious buildings, mostly forms of arcaded courtyards, larger versions of the domestic spaces. Byzantine churches were often entered through such a space (as are many mosques, though the term atrium is not usually used to describe Islamic architecture).
The 19th century brought the industrial revolution with great advances in iron and glass manufacturing techniques. Courtyards could then have horizontal glazing overhead, eliminating some of the weather elements from the space and giving birth to the modern atrium.
Fire control is an important aspect of contemporary atrium design due to criticism that poorly designed atria could allow fire to spread to a building's upper stories more quickly. Another downside to incorporating an atrium is that it typically creates unused vertical space which could otherwise be occupied by additional floors.
When it opened in 2019, the Leeza SOHO in Beijing, had the world's tallest atrium at 194 metres (636 ft), replacing the previous record-holder, the Burj Al Arab in Dubai. [7] The Luxor Hotel, in Las Vegas, Nevada, has the largest atrium in the world (by volume) at 29 million cubic feet (820,000 m3).
Host your wedding or event amidst live plants and flowers in this beautiful glass-walled atrium nestled in the Meadowlark Botanical Gardens in Vienna, Virginia. The Atrium at Meadowlark features exposed brick walls, a glass-enclosed cathedral ceiling, and a large terrace overlooking the botanical gardens. This remarkable space will seat up to 230 guests, with standing room for 300. Take advantage of the gazebos, Bell Garden, and Lilac Pavilion for photography and other event options at Meadowlark Botanical Gardens. Great Blue Heron provides full on-site catering for any event at The Atrium.
We see the role that art plays in our community, how it connects and inspires. Art in the Atrium brings connection and inspiration by transforming the atrium of the George A. Purefoy Municipal Center into a 5-story art gallery! Over 1,500 pieces of art have been featured in Art in the Atrium since the program began in 2007.
When it comes time to dance and dine, custom tapestries and lighting transform the atrium into an intimate ballroom with a canvas for decor from tastefully simple to ornately embellished. A full on-site kitchen, newly installed by Constellation, ensures a fresh, delicious culinary experience for guests at every morsel.
All patients, their families and visitors as well as NIH staff are invited to attend these performances. The north atrium is a comfortable, welcoming gathering place at the center of the Clinical Center. These concerts are intended to support the Clinical Center's environment of care and healing.
Background: Esophageal injury is a potential complication after intraoperative or percutaneous transcatheter ablation of the posterior aspect of the left atrium. Understanding the spatial relations between the esophagus and the left atrium is essential to reduce risks.
Methods and results: We examined by gross dissection the course of the esophagus in 15 cadavers. We measured the minimal distance of the esophageal wall to the endocardium of the left atrium with histological studies in 12 specimens. To measure the transmural thickness of the atrial wall, we sectioned another 30 human heart specimens in the sagittal plane at 3 different regions of the left atrium. The esophagus follows a variable course along the posterior aspect of the left atrium; its wall was 006ab0faaa
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