In 1897, British physicist J.J Thomson announces his discovery that atoms are comprised of smaller components: electrons. He did this by studying cathode rays. He found that the particles that made up the rays were 1,000 times lighter than the lightest atom.
Image of J.J. Thomsons: https://www.atomicarchive.com/resources/biographies/thomson.html
Based off his findings, he created the plum pudding model of the atom. He compared the makeup of the atom to plum pudding by saying that the electrons were like tiny negatively charged particles in a positive field.Â
Image of Atomic Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model