Atheism is very often equated with irreligion or non-spirituality in Western culture, but they are not the same. Some religious and spiritual beliefs, such as several forms of Buddhism, have been described by outside observers as conforming to the broader, negative definition of atheism due to their lack of any participating deities. Atheism is also sometimes erroneously equated with antitheism or anti-religion . Some philosophers and academics, such as philosopher Jurgen Habermas call themselves " methodological atheists also known as or methodological naturalism. To denote that whatever their personal beliefs, they do not include theistic presuppositions in their method.