When I first started practicing forty years ago, the building code section on structural loading was somewhat brief and only filled a few pages. Although the loading provisions were easy to understand and interpret, they were not sufficient. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard 58.1, first released in 1972, was a huge improvement. It contained all of the important stuff that had been missing from previous building codes, such as snow drift loads and a rational approach to wind pressures, yet it was still easy to understand and use. When ASCE 7-88 replaced ANSI 58.1-82, the loading provisions became more complex and less intuitive. It has been downhill ever since. Today, structural engineers must spend a disproportionate amount of their time determining the loading criteria for their projects rather than designing the structures.
Wind load provisions of UBC 1997 are based on the ASCE 7-88 standard with certain simplifying assumptions to make calculations easier. The design wind speed is based on the fastest-mile wind speed as compared to the 3-sec gust speeds of the later codes. The prevailing wind direction at the site is not considered in calculating wind forces on the structures: The direction that has the most critical exposure controls the design. Consideration of shielding by adjacent buildings is not permitted because studies have shown that in certain configurations, the nearby buildings can actually increase the wind speed through funneling effects or increased turbulence. Additionally, it is possible that adjacent existing buildings may be removed during the life of the building being designed.
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1.1 This specification covers procedures for computing the reference resistance of wood-based materials and structural connections for use in load and resistance factor design (LRFD). The reference resistance derived from this specification applies to the design of structures addressed by the load combinations in ASCE 7-88. ff782bc1db
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