Lesson 1.4: Numbers and Math

Numbers

Along with Strings,Python can also do numerical calculation. But first, let's know how numbers are manipulated by Python.

Numbers are of two types:

• Integers(non-decimal integers like -5,4,78,67,35 etc)
• Floats(decimals up to 15 places like 2.50,3.5,5.0 etc)
• Doubles(decimals greater than 15 places like pi, e, sqrt(2) etc)
• Complex numbers(imaginary numbers like 5+2i)

Operators

Just as we do 1+2=3 in math, we can do the same in Python. How?

Using operators

Operators are constructs that behave like functions but which differ syntactically and semantically from real math functions.

In simpler words,

Operators are Python's math and logic symbols to do calculations.

There are two kinds of operators in Python: Arithmetic and Logical.

Arithmetic operators are as follows:

• +(addition operator)
• -(subtraction operator)
• *(multiplication operator)
• /(division operator)
• %(modulo operator)(to find the remainder of a function)
• //(Floor division operator)(to find the quotient of a division problem)
• **(Exponent operator)(to find exponents)

Lets look at some examples:

#Lets ask Python what is 2+2

print(2+2)

It returns:

4

You could change the numbers or the above examples to get different results.

Now, let's try something more fun:

#PEMDAS with Python

print(2*3+(4+5)//7)

returns,

7

Now follow through the logic:

• Exponents are first
• Multiplication, division, floor division and modulo are second
• Addition and subtraction come last.

The logic is instead PEDMAS instead of PEMDAS. Python went about solving the problem like this,

2*3+(4+5)//7

2*3+9//7

2*3+1

6+1

7

That should help in learning about operators.

Math module

The Math module is used to do complicated stuff like pi, e, and square roots. But, the Math module must be imported when you want to use it. For instance,

import math

p=math.pi

print(p*2**2) #we are basically finding the value of 4pi

This returns,

12.566370614359172

To take a look at all the functions in the math module, go to this link.

Assignment 1.4

1. Execute the following problems into Python:

a. 2**2+(4+5)*8

b. Find the area of a circle whose radius is 5(Hint: Import math module)

c.Use floor division or the modulo operator to find whether 246078 is a multiple of 7 and 3.

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