UNO is the widely used microcontroller board for developing a different kind of projects and prototypes. This small development board has all the features of its native IC Atmega328p with additional features. This comes with on-board programmer CH340, so no need to connect an external programmer. Arduino Uno board has a 12V DC barrel jack which can accept up to 12V but use for 9V Max. It has onboard LEDs to indicate power. The IC Atmega328p is removable, so if the Atmega IC is not working then it can be replaced with another one. 

• Digital I / O digital input / output terminal: 0 to 13.

• Analog I / O Analog inputs / outputs: 0 to 5.

• Support ISP download function.

• Output voltage: 5V / 3.3V DC.

• Input voltage: No external power supply when connected to the computer

• USB, external power supply 5V ~ 9V DC voltage input

Nano is a small, breadboard-friendly development board based on an ATmega 328P/ATmega168 SMD package microcontroller and offers the same connectivity and specs of Arduino Uno in a small package. DC Power Jack is not available on this board so power can only be supplied by a Mini B USB port present on it or 6-20V unregulated external power supply from Pin 30 (Vin). Due to its small size its very popular among IoT based projects which need to be small and user friendly, in Robotics, in Automation, Instrumentation and Control systems 

• It has 22 I/O pins in total in which 14 are Digital (6 are PWM output) and 8 are Analog pins.

• Operating Voltage (Logic Level): 5V.

• Supports Serial, I2C, SPI Communication Protocols.

• Flash memory: 32KB in which 2KB is used by Bootloader

• Clock speed: 16MHz

• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA

• SRAM : 2KB, EEPROM: 1KB

• DC Current per I/O pin: 40mA

The Arduino Uno is a versatile microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It is an essential tool for developers, hobbyists, and educators, designed to simplify the process of building electronic projects. The board features 14 digital input/output pins, 6 of which can be used as PWM outputs, and 6 analog inputs, providing ample flexibility for various applications. It operates at a clock speed of 16 MHz, ensuring reliable performance for a wide range of tasks.

The Original Arduino Uno R3 board is equipped with a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. This comprehensive setup includes everything needed to support the microcontroller. Users can easily connect it to a computer via a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The board is designed to be robust, allowing users to tinker without worrying about damaging the hardware. In the worst-case scenario, the chip can be replaced for a few dollars, making it a cost-effective solution for prototyping and development.

Named "Uno," meaning "one" in Italian, the board marks the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. It is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards and serves as the reference model for the Arduino platform. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) set the standard for Arduino development, which has since evolved into newer releases.

Microcontroller    - ATmega328P

Operating Voltage - 5V

Input Voltage (recommended)  - 7-12V

Input Voltage (limit)  - 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins -14 (6 can be used as PWM outputs)

PWM Digital I/O Pins  - 6

Analog Input Pins  - 6

DC Current per I/O Pin  - 20 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin  - 50 mA

Flash Memory   -  32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM  - 2 KB (ATmega328P)

EEPROM  - 1 KB (ATmega328P)

Clock Speed  - 16 MHz

LED_BUILTIN   - 13

Length   -  68.6 mm

The Arduino UNO-Based ESP8266 NodeMCU Development Board is a versatile Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller board that integrates the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module with an Arduino UNO form factor, making it ideal for IoT, smart home, and automation projects. This development board provides seamless integration with Arduino IDE, offering the simplicity of Arduino programming with the powerful networking capabilities of ESP8266.

Features of UNO-Based ESP8266 NodeMCU Development Board:

1. Integrated ESP8266 Wi-Fi module for easy wireless connectivity.

2. Compatible with Arduino IDE, allowing easy programming and debugging.

3. Standard Arduino UNO form factor for compatibility with Arduino shields.

4. Onboard USB-to-serial converter for quick and stable programming.

5. Multiple GPIO pins, PWM, I2C, and UART support for sensor and peripheral interfacing.

6. Ideal for IoT applications, home automation, and cloud-based projects.

Specifications of UNO-Based ESP8266 NodeMCU Development Board:

• Microcontroller: ESP8266

• Operating Voltage: 5V (Logic Level: 3.3V)

• Flash Memory: 4MB

• Wi-Fi Standard: 802.11 b/g/n

• Communication Interfaces: UART, SPI, I2C

• GPIO Pins: Multiple digital and analog inputs/outputs

• Programming Interface: Micro USB

• Dimensions: Standard Arduino UNO size

Pro Mini is the small 3.3V version of the development boards. This board has all the features like the other development boards have. It comes with the onboard reset button and indicator LED for power. The board doesn't have any board programmer, so the programmer has to be used externally in order to upload any code. Since the operating voltage is 3.3V it can be easily used with 3.3V Logic sensors and modules like LoRa module, nRF24L01 etc.. without any need for level converters.

Pro Mini Specifications:

• Microcontroller: ATmega328

• Clock frequency: 8MHz.

• Digital I/O Pins: 14

• 8 analog input port: A0 ~ A7.

• Circuit Operating Voltage: 5V

• Support serial download.

• A pair of TTL level serial port transceiver : RX / TX.

• 6 PWM port: D3, D5, D6, D9, D10, D11.

Pro Mini is a compact yet powerful development Board. It works on the same ATmega328 microcontroller like UNO but is the only 1/3rd of the size of UNO. The size is reduced by removing an in-built programmer and the USB port, so pro mini requires an external programmer like an FTDI board to program it. The small size enables the board to be used on a PCB and other final applications.

Apart from the size, the specification of pro mini (5V) and UNO are almost similar and hence they both can exchange the same program.

Note: This version of Pro mini is 5V

Specifications Features

• Microcontroller: Atmega328p – 8 BIT AVR controller

• Operating Voltage: 5V

• Raw Voltage input: 5V to 12V

• Maximum current through each I/O pin: 40mA

• Maximum total current drawn from the chip: 200mA

• Flash Memory: 32Kbytes

• EEPROM: 1Kbyte

• Internal RAM: 2Kbytes

• Clock Frequency: 16 MHz

• Operating Temperature: -40ºC to +105ºC

• Supports auto-reset

• On-board Power and Status LEDs

• Analog Pins: 8

• Digital I/Os: 14

The Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 and compatible with Arduino. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC to-DC adapter or battery to get started. 

Specifications :

• Microcontroller : ATmega2560

• Operating Voltage : 5V

• Input Voltage (recommended) : 7-12V

• Input Voltage (limit) : 6-20V

• Digital I/O Pins : 54 (of which 15 provide PWM output)

• Analog Input Pins : 16

• DC Current per I/O Pin : 20 mA

• DC Current for 3.3V Pin : 50 mA

• Flash Memory : 256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader

• SRAM : 8 KB

• EEPROM : 4 KB

• Clock Speed : 16 MHz

• LED BUILTIN : 13

The Uno R3 is an ATmega328P microcontroller-based development board. This is widely popular in Embedded electronics because of the available resources and easy to use by everybody features. With 14 digital input/output pins where 6 can be configured and used as PWM outputs, 6 as analog inputs is a great addition for I/O related operations. Powered with a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, an USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

It includes a LED that can be useful in multiple applications or to test the board functionality. A voltage regulator, better to say an LDO, is available inside this development board to make this Arduino compatible for a wide range of input voltages. The application is very easy, just upload the code, and run.

Features:

• Model Type: UNO Rev R3

• Microcontroller Chip: ATmega328P

• Operating Voltage (VDC): 5

• Input Voltage (Recommended): 7-12V

• Input Voltage (limit): 6-20V

• Analog I/O Pins: 6

• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

• PWM Digital I/O Pins: 6

• DC Current per I/O Pin (mA): 40

• DC Current for 3.3V Pin (mA): 50

• Clock Speed: 16 MHz

• SRAM (KB): 2

• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)

• Flash Memory: 32 KB

• On Board LEDs: On/Off, L (PIN 13), TX, RX

• Dimensions in mm (LxWxH): 75 x 54 x 12

UNO R3 Applications:

• Embedded input output

• Data capture

• Motor control

• Robotics

• Small embedded application and developments

Lilypad is a fancy looking development board from Arduino. It is based on the ATmega328V microcontroller and offers 14 Digital I/O pins and 6 Analog Channels. It also has 6 PWM channels and a wide operating voltage from 2.7V to 5.5V making it suitable for battery-operated applications.

This Lilypad 328 16M board has a flat bottom and large pinholes making it easy for being sewn into clothing. It is commonly used in e-textile and other wearable electronics applications. It offers the same functionality you find in other Arduino boards, in a lightweight, round package design to minimize snagging and profile.

Features and Specifications:

• Microcontroller: ATmega328V

• Operating Voltage Range: 2.7-5.5 V

• Input Voltage : 2.7-5.5 V

• Digital I/O Pins:14 Nos (of which 6 provide PWM output)

• Analog Input Pins: 6

• PWM Channels: 6

• DC Current per I/O Pin:40 mA

• Flash Memory: 16 KB (of which 2 KB used by bootloader)

• SRAM: 1 KB

• EEPROM: 512 bytes

• Clock Speed: 8 MHz

The Arduino Ethernet W5100 Shield is a powerful expansion board designed to add network connectivity and data storage capabilities to your Arduino projects. Equipped with the W5100 Ethernet controller and a Micro SD card slot, it is ideal for IoT, web server, and data logging applications.

Features

• W5100 Ethernet Controller: Provides stable and fast Ethernet connectivity.

• Micro SD Card Slot: Supports data storage and retrieval for web hosting or logging.

• Integrated TCP/IP Stack: Simplifies network communication protocols.

• Stackable Design: Standard Arduino shield size for compatibility with Arduino Uno, Mega, and similar boards.

• Multiple Socket Connections: Supports up to four simultaneous socket connections.

• LED Indicators: Displays network activity and status.

Specifications

• Ethernet Speed: 10/100 Mbps.

• Micro SD Card Compatibility: FAT16 and FAT32 formatted cards up to 32GB.

• Voltage Input: 5V (powered by Arduino).

• Dimensions: Standard Arduino shield size.

• Communication Interface: SPI for both Ethernet and SD card operations.

Pinout:

• Power Pins:

  • VCC: 5V power supply (from the Arduino)

  • GND: Ground

• SPI Pins (for Ethernet and SD communication):

  • MISO: Master In Slave Out (D12 on Arduino UNO)

  • MOSI: Master Out Slave In (D11 on Arduino UNO)

  • SCK: Serial Clock (D13 on Arduino UNO)

  • SS (Slave Select): Used to select the SPI device (D10 on Arduino UNO)
    
    

• Ethernet Chip Select Pin:

  • CS (Ethernet): Chip Select for the Ethernet module (D10 on Arduino UNO)
    
    

• SD Card Chip Select Pin:

  • CS (SD Card): Chip Select for the microSD card slot (D4 on Arduino UNO)
    
    

• Interrupt Pin (Optional):

  • IRQ: Interrupt Request Pin (used in some applications, not always necessary)
    
    

• Micro SD Card Slot:

  • The shield provides a microSD card slot for data storage, supporting cards up to 32GB

NodeMCU ESP8266 is an open-source Lua based firmware and development board specially targeted for IoT based applications. It includes firmware that runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module, and like this, it can also be programmed using Arduino IDE and can act as both WiFi Hotspot or can connect to one. It has one Analog Input Pin, 16 Digital I/O pins along with the capability to connect with serial communication protocols like SPI, UART, and I2C. NodeMCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of Flash memory to store data and programs. Its high processing power with in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and Deep Sleep Operating features make it ideal for IoT projects. Its applications include prototyping for IoT devices, low powered battery-operated applications, and projects requiring I/O interface with Bluetooth and WiFi capabilities.

Specifications

• Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106

• Operating Voltage: 3.3V

• Input Voltage: 7-12V

• Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16

• Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1

• UARTs: 1

• SPIs: 1

• I2Cs: 1

• Flash Memory: 4 MB

• SRAM: 64 KB

• Clock Speed: 80 MHz

NodeMCU is an IoT Module based on the ESP8266 wifi Module. NodeMCU uses Lua Scripting language and is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) platform. This module has CH340g USB to TTL IC.

Specification:

It is based on ESP8266, integrates GPIO, PWM, IIC, 1-Wire, and ADC all in one board.

Power your development in the fastest way in combination with NodeMCU Firmware.

USB-TTL included plug&play.

10 GPIO, every GPIO can be PWM, I2C, 1-wire.

Features:

Open-source IoT Platform

Easily Programmable

Low cost & Simple to Implement

WI-FI enabled

The ESP32S is a Wi-Fi Development Board with in-built Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) that is commonly used in IoT applications. The Board is based on the ESP WROOM32 Module from Espressif Systems. The compact Module can work on 3.3V and consumes low power making it suitable for portable battery powered applications.

It has a dual mode 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi with 40nm low power TSMC technology making it safe reliable and scalable.  The board also has a CP2102 USB-UART bridge making it easier to use serial communication for debugging. The Board can be used with Arduino IDE and also with Lua Programming Environment.

The ESP32 is a successor of the ESP 8266 board. It is has a dual core processor and it combines both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities. The board has a USB-to UART interface so that it can be easily programmed with popular Development environments like Arduino IDE. It can be powered through the Micro USB port, the 3.3V pin or the Vin pin.

Specifications of the ESP32S Development Board

• Main processor: Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit LX6 microprocessor

• Has Ultra-low power Coprocessor

• Clock frequency: up to 240 MHz

• Wireless connectivity: Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n/e/i (802.11n @ 2.4 GHz up to 150 Mbit/s) ; Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

• Security: IEEE 802.11 standard security features all supported, Secure boot , Flash encryption 1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for customers, and Cryptographic hardware acceleration.

• Designed with TSMC Ultra-low power 40nm technology

• Operating Voltage : 3.3V

• DC Current on I/O Pins : 40 mA

• DC Current on 3.3V Pins : 50 mA

• Communication :SPI, I2C, I2S, CAN, UART

• Has on-board enable and reset pins

Additional Resources

• ESP32 Development Board datasheet

• Getting Started with ESP32

The ESP32-CAM is an Original ESP32 CAM WiFi+Bluetooth module board along with OV2640 Camera Module. This product is based on the ESP32 chip with the additional facility of using a camera. That means, the features of ESP32, especially the Bluetooth and the WiFi connectivity is available along with an additional peripheral OV2640 camera module. This opens up a lot of applications and usage in the field of various IoT applications. 

For the camera spec, it is a very small sized camera yet powerful that can be used with minimum system supports. It is available in a ribbon cable formation. The camera is powered by an UXGA resolution of 1600 x 1200 resolution with 2.0 Megapixel resolution. It is a good choice for most of the camera based IoT applications.

ESP32 Board & OV2640 Camera Module pinoUT

ESP32 Camera Development Board and OV2640 features & Specifications:

• ESP32-CAM Board and OV2640 Camera module in two separate parts

• 9 fully customizable I/O ports

• 32Mbit Flash

• 520KB SRAM +4M PSRAM

• 802.11 b/g/n/e/i WiFi support

• 4.2v Bluetooth support

• IPEX and PCB Antenna available

• 3.6V ~ 5V supply voltage

• 2.0 Megapixel Color CMOS UXGA technology

• 8-bit compressed data output with RGB565/555 support

• UXGA/SXGA at 15 fps

• SVGA at 30 fps

• CIF at 60 fps

• 1600 x 1200 resolution of UXGA

• 3590um x 2684um image area.

ESP32 WiFi and Bluetooth Module Applications:

• Cellular or Camera Phone

• IoT based surveillance camera

• Web Cam

• Image processing

• Digital still camera

• PC multimedia

ESP32 Board & OV2640 Camera Module Dimension and footprint:

Example Projects on ESP32 Board & OV2640 Camera Module:

ESP32 - video streaming and face recognition

Additional Resources:

ESP32 Board & OV2640 Camera Module Datasheet

The ESP8266-01 is a low cost and user-friendly device to provide internet connectivity to your projects. This module can be used as a Wi-Fi hotspot or can connect to any WI-Fi network. We use this module to make our projects IoT enabled and gather and process the data easily. The ESP-01 can also fetch data from the internet and it can be used in your project. Its most important feature is that it can be programmed with Arduino IDE, which makes it a lot more user friendly. One drawback of this module is that it only has two GPIO pins, so you have to use it along with another controller like Arduino, or go for other modules like NodeMCU, ESP-12, or ESP-32. It finds uses in Portable Electronics, Robotics, Home Automation, Wireless Data Logging, etc.

Specifications

• 802.11 b/g/n

• Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP

• Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack

• +19.5dBm output power in 802.11b mode

• Dimensions: 25 x 15 x 11 mm (LxWxH)

• Weight: 2 gm

• 1MB Flash Memory

• SDIO 1.1 / 2.0, SPI, UART

• Integrated TR switch, Balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network

• Integrated PLLs, regulators, DCXO and power management units

• Wake up and transmit packets in < 2ms

• Power down leakage current of <10uA

• PCB Thickness: 1mm

• Integrated low power 32-bit CPU could be used as an application processor

• Standby power consumption of < 1.0mW (DTIM3)

Product Description

To use the module, power it with 3.3V supply, take caution as anything over 3.7V will damage the board. Connect the transmitter and receiver pins to respective pins on the Arduino board or you can use the FTDI board that supports 3.3V programming. You can use it as Access Point, Station, or on both Modes to connect to the Internet.