Escale a Sete 2018.g. // Jelsa and port of Sete u 19.st.

In the French town of Sete from March 27, 2018 to April 2, 2018, at the largest Mediterranean maritime festival called "ESCALE a SETE", Croatian maritime heritage will be presented with our traditional ships from Kvarner to Neretva, as reported by Slobodna Dalmacija on February 3, 2018. .g., and this news was announced by the association from Split CRONAVES, which has already had successful presentations at similar festivals, but also in the Stari Grad on the island of Hvar.

Given that the Stari Grad is only 15 km away from the small town of Jelsa, it is worth mentioning, as a small additional story, that in that small Jelsa, which in the second half of the 19th century, was a very strong maritime center and in terms of the tonnage of ships and in terms of the number of crews in central Dalmatia and with certainly the strongest sailor and ship owner Capt. Niko Knight Duboković, it had very strong maritime and trade ties with the port of Sete (CETTA - as it was then called), primarily in the export of wine.

These data were presented in the book "Chronicle of Captain Niko Duboković" published by MATICA HRVATSKA Jelsa in 1998. The chronicle covers that period from 1876. until 1889, which is certainly confirmed in the Austrian Maritime Yearbook (Lloyd Austriaco di Notizie Maritime e Commerciali).

Of all the ships and steamers that entered the port of Jelsa, I will mention only those that came and went to Sete, and mostly I left out the dates and the amount of cargo.

They traded mostly with the company Duboković, which was registered in the commercial register of the District Court in Split under number 949 in 1872 for the wholesale trade of wine, grain, domestic agricultural products that were exported to the countries of Austria-Hungary, Switzerland, France, Germany and the countries of the Mediterranean and the Orient.

 11/12 1876 In the port of Jelsa, among the Austrian, Italian and Greek ships, the French "FRANCOISE et JEROME" with captain Mesnage was found.

12/9 1878 Schooner "ASSUNTA" captain Andrija Schrivanelli

Often comes the Italian steamer ETTORE FIERAMOSCA Capt. Antonio Milella, then the Italian steamer BARION, then the Italian steamer DAUNO Capt. Antonio Miscella, the steamer MILANO, the schooner GLORIA Capt. Sagiletto, the brig AUGUSTA, the Norwegian steamer SWITHUN, Cap Larsen, belonged to the port of Stavanger.

9/12 1884 DARIEN Cap. Voisin docked, the largest steamship that docked in the port of Jelsa until then. Registered in the port of Rouen, and owned by Maison Genestale Delzons from Paris. He loaded 575 barrels of wine for Adolf Rirdmiller from Seta. He paid the port tax of 306 fiorins.

11/1 1885 the French steamship CORINNE arrived, captain Saulos. They kept it in quarantine for 5 days.

The Austrian barque ERGO, captain Farezić, the English steamer HARTSIDE, from Barlette the steamer CITTA di BARLETTA, captain A. Giunta, arrives. Belonged to the company Aicardi Aegnes Ltd. Bari, SAIDA, Lloyd's steamer, Italian PENCETTA Capt. Milella, Swedish steamer WESSEL, Capt. Karlo Lund, loaded 542 barrels of wine for Sete, steamer LUCANO, Capt. Givanni Caputi, BARI Capt. Michele Alfonso, Swedish ship GRAFIK, from Gothenburg with Capt. E. Peterson. The barge "Giovanni D" owned by the Duboković company loaded the most, 785 barrels of wine.

Of course, the port of Sete had strong maritime trade ties with the ports on the Croatian side of the Adriatic, especially Rijeka and Senj, primarily for the export of wood.

Courtesy of Mrs. Tea Marinović, who, while researching Korčula, the Korčula shipyard and Korčula ships, their routes and owners, came across this data related to the port of Sete, and this is only part of it.

 Lukrecija Benković Duboković

Bibliography: Chronicle of Capt. Nika Duboković, published by Matica Hrvatska Jelsa in 1998.

The French port of Sete and the maritime and commercial activities of Croatian sailing ships in the 19th century

Sete is a French port and city on the Mediterranean in the province of Languedoc. It developed at the foot and on the slopes of Saint Clair Hill. The Roman settlement in the area of today's city was demolished in 407. By order of Colbert in 1666, the Port of Sete was established as an exit from the Deux – Mers canal. 1824 Sete is connected with a canal with the Rhone river and in 1839 a railway connection with Montpellier is established. It soon became the fifth port in the Mediterranean and later the second.

Sete had strong maritime trade ties with the ports of Adriatic Croatia. The city of Senj has long been a large market for wood, but also for ship equipment, such as oars and masts, for the area of the Adriatic coast and the Mediterranean. Already in 1248, the Catalans had their own consul in Senj to protect their commercial interests. In the 15th century, Rijeka emerged as an important market for wood and wooden products. In the 19th century, the most important was the port of Senj, which was connected to Karlovac by the Jozefina road. The first blow to its economy was the construction of the railway line to the Brick Bridge, as it diverted traffic towards Trieste, and after that the railway line to Rijeka was built. Senj is losing traffic in grain and industrial goods, but the traffic in wood is maintained due to the proximity of the forests that were exploited on Velebit. Oak, beech and pine were exported. Bars for barrels, pit wood and railway sleepers were exported. Senj maintained this traffic at the beginning of the 20th century.

Senj and Rijeka became the largest export ports for wood to the French Mediterranean ports, Algeria and Tunisia.

The most important wood exporters were the Krajač, Bontić, Olivieri, Vranjican, Duboković and Polić families.

Journal des lloyd Austriaco di Notizie Maritime e Commerciale was a maritime periodical published in Trieste from 1836 to 1849. In addition to economic news, it also published maritime trade data and information on ship movements. In addition to the name of the ship, its affiliation, the name of the captain, the cargo, he also indicated the movements of the ships. The data is important because the official Austrian ship register began to be published in 1848. Working on Korčula sailing ships, I followed in Joirnal des lloyd Austriaco only the movement of a certain number of ships, which were built in Korčula, owned or co-owned by Korčula people and ships whose captains were from Korčula. That is why this is only a partial overview of the sailing ships that came to Sete. I also used the data published in the book Radoica Fran Barbalić and Ivo Marendić: "Onput, kad smo partili /Then, when we sailed" Matica Hrvatska, Rijeka 2004.

LIPSIA, was a brigantine that sailed from Trieste for Bakar with commander Bonetić, then from Rijeka for Sete on April 14, 1835 and from Sete on August 11, 1835 for Rio da Janeiro.

A little later

JOSKO, was a bark that on July 7, 1841 set off on its way from Sete to Rio de Janeiro.

MOISE MONTEFIORE was a long-range sailing ship, built in Whitby, England in 1855. It weighed 377 tons. It was bought in Great Britain in 1866. It was named after one of the most famous Jewish patrons, a leading figure in the Jewish world of that era.

He sailed for twenty years with a Croatian crew and Rijeka as his home port. His journeys from 1881 to 1886 were recorded on the established routes of aging sailing ships transporting logs and wood from Rijeka to Marseille and Sete. In 1886, it was sold to an Austrian citizen and dismantled. (Photo page 8 Barbalić).

PAULUS was a bark built in Rijeka in 1867. It weighed 506 tons, later 394 (1882). The main karate players were Lupis and Skarpa from Rijeka. In 1877, it changed its name to RAIMOND because it got new owners from Bačić and Durbešić. He was shipwrecked in 1866 at the anchorage of the port of Newport Mon in a hurricane. In 1872, he sailed with a ship from Trieste to Sete. And the voyage lasts 27 days. From 1880 to 1886, he transported cordwood and "bordunale" from Trieste, Kraljevica, Rijeka and Senj to southern France.

CURZOLA was a bark built in Korčula in 1867 and belonged to owners from Korčula. It was sold in Rijeka and was named RUMA. He transported timber from Rijeka to French ports. He sailed from Sete to New York in 1881 and the journey lasted 78 days. (Picture by Barbalić, p. 18)

IFIGENIA it was a bark of 428 tons, owned by Ivan Korošec from Rijeka. In 1879, he sailed from Sete to Philadelphia, which took him 67 days. He was shipwrecked in 1883.

GENIO was a bark that was built in 1856 in Rijeka. It weighed 474 tons and was owned by Dink Kozulić even after his son. He sailed for 26 years. From 1871 to 1882, he sailed to Seta, Marseille and Nice with wood from Rijeka and Trieste, and for the last 4 years he sailed only on these lines. Trips usually lasted from 27 to 37 days. In 1877, he sailed 51 days from Newcastle to Sete. In 1822, it was sold to English citizens.

TARTARO was the brigantine of the Kozulić family for almost 40 years. It was built in 1856 in the Kozulić shipyard in Pećine and had a structure that suited the transport of wood. It transported railway sleepers and sleepers from Rijeka and Trieste to Sete, Port Vendres, and returned to Rijeka in ballast. It took him 23 days to make the trip in 1875. He drove the same load of oak logs to Algeria. In 1881, he sailed for 24 days from Rijeka to Sete. It was sold in 1894 and was used as a mason for the transport of coal on steamships. (Fig. Barbalić 36.)

NEHAJ was a bark built in Senj in 1874. It weighed 479 tons. The owner was Dioniz Jakovčić from Rijeka. In 1879, we find him on his way to Sete to New York. The trip lasted 64 days. Since 1886, it has been sailing to French ports with wood for Sete and Philippeville. It was sold to the Greeks in 1892.

NADA was a brig-schooner built in Pećina (Rijeka) in 1878. It had a volume of 430 tons. 1880 sails from Sete to New York in 59 days. 1882 from Seta to Rijeka sails for 26 days. Later it was equipped as a logger. From 1887 to 1894, it sailed to southern French ports. It was abandoned in 1894.

PADOŠA was a bark built in 1878 in Kraljevica of 656 tons for ship owners from Kostrena Sv. Lucia and Drago. It was later bought by the owners living in Lisbon. After them, the owner was Baldo Marinović from Orebić and in 1901 it was sold to Greece. On his first voyage, he loaded a load of wood for Sete and sailed there in 28 days. It was a remarkably successful trip that confirmed good navigation skills. It sails from Sete to New York. He returned to Sete in 1884. In the summer of 1896, he transported a load of wood from Sweden to Marseille. (Fig. Barbalić 72 p.).

KOSTRENA was a 555-ton bark built in Malta, a port belonging to Bakar. The owners were from Kostrena. The first trip after registration was from Rijeka with long lines to the French ports of Provence. He sailed to Port Vendres and secured cargo for the American port of Darien. For two years he sailed on the Rijeka Sete route and back. He died in February 1888 on the way back from Sete in the Gulf of Rijeka.

MARIA ANDRINA, copper bark with a volume of 346 tons. It was built in Sunderland in 1868, and became the property of Bakaran in 1879. It ended tragically at the end of December 1890 near Trieste. In the middle of February 1885, he set sail from Rijeka for Sete with a load of oak logs and timber, but ran aground near Cres and was towed to Rijeka. He died in 1890 in front of Trieste. He sailed from Sete to Trinidad in 1881 in 44 days and from Trinidad to Marseille in 61 days. Again in 1884 he sailed from Sete to Rijeka, then from Sete to Elsinore. In total, he sailed for Seta for three years. (Photo by Barbalić, p. 90)

HRVAT, The bark was launched in 1875 and was the pride of Bakar. The owners, commanders and crew were Bakrans. Since 1887, it has been sailing to the ports of Provence. He had several trips between Rijeka and Seta. Where he transported beech logs and bordunals (hewn beams of various dimensions). It was sold aground in 1892. (Picture 104 Barbalić)

VELI ZID ,bark, It was built in Bakr in 1857 under the name FIGLIA MINORE, displacement 645 tons. and he sadly ended up as a vessel for a coal bunker in 1894 in the port of Rijeka. It became the property of the people of Kraljevo in 1877. He sailed to the French ports of Sete, Marseille, Port Vendes and to Oran in Algeria, with wood for the needs of wine merchants continuously for almost ten years. He would make four trips a year.

DUNAJ,brig, was built in 1875 in Kraljevica. He died near Rijeka in 1882. He sailed from Sete to Genoa and to New York. In 1877, he transported cargo from Sete to Baltimore, USA. She shipwrecked in 1886.

CROATIA is the pride of Senja shipbuilding and of the people of Senjan. It was sold in 1882 to Rijeka shipowner Pošćić and was named POSCHICH. He sailed for thirty-five years. He transported wood from the Baltic to French ports. From 1905 to 1908, it sailed between Rijeka and French Mediterranean ports and Algeria. He made his last trip from Oran to Rijeka. (Figure 136. Barbalić)

ANDRIĆ, was a brigantine built in Rijeka in 1858, with a displacement of 278 tons. From 1879 to 1882, he was often on trips to Seta. She was shipwrecked in the port of Rijeka in 1882.

DESCOVICH A. it was a bark. It was built in the Pećine shipyard in 1862 and had a displacement of 440 tons. When steamships and larger iron sailing ships forced barks and brigs to retreat to the only profitable route to the ports of the western Mediterranean, Algeria and Tunisia, where it remained from 1881 to 1894. She shipwrecked in 1895 near the island of Hyeres and was sold in Marseille. (Picture by Barbalić, 150 pages)

SECONDA after IDA P. it was built in Rijeka in 1869. It had a volume of 419 tons. It was sold to a Greek owner in 1885. he was transporting wine barrels to Sete for the needs of winemakers in southern France.

CRONO, was a bark built in 1870 in Rijeka. It had a volume of 657 tons. After fourteen years, he comes to his native Rijeka, from where he transports wood and logs to southern French ports. After traveling from Sete to Rijeka, he had a small fire. He was shipwrecked in 1890.

VOLUNTAS, bark owned On it at the end of October 1874, the commander, captain of the long voyage, L. V. Randić, died on the way from Rijeka to Sete.

AQUILA, according to the type of sailboat it was a bark. it was built on Sušak in 1873. It was owned by the people of Kostren and did not change its name in 30 years of navigation. It had a carrying capacity of 430 tons. In 1885, he sailed for Seta.

ANDRE, The bark was built in Senj as the CITY OF SENJ: 1871. Year., Press reports emphasize the competitive spirit of Kostren sailors. On the journey from Seta to Rijeka, which lasted eighteen winter days from 3 to 9 p.m. In February 1885, three ships sailed from Sete on the same day and arrived in Rijeka on the same day. These were the bark ANDRE, the bark AQUILA built in 1865 and the bark MIMI built in 1865. They were all more than 12 years old, and after seven years the ship was not considered fit for racing.

BENEFATTORE, bark, was built on Sušak in 1875. on a Mediterranean journey from Sete to Rijeka, where he arrived on December 4, 1892. He brought ten crew members of the Pelješac barge LAMEK, which was abandoned on November 2, 1892 in the Gulf of Lion due to water intrusion, and was carrying a cargo of "bordunal" and long bones for wine barrels. On September 20, 1893, he sailed again for Sete, when he was seriously damaged in a hurricane. On 3 November of the same year, he was assigned to travel from Rijeka to Sete. The ship was sold to Italy in 1900.

CATTERINA B. according to the equipment of the boat. It was built in England in 1865, and became Kostren in 1880. after sixteen years of their ownership, the ship was sold to the Greeks in 1896. For two hundred napoleondors. It set sail with a load of long bones as MARIANTBY, proving to be valuable even in the fourth decade of its existence.

JOŽIĆ, was a bark built in Korčula in 1857 under the name MICHELE. It is said that on February 2, 1889, under the command of Captain Pezelj, it ran aground at the mouth of the Rhone on the way from Sete, and was destroyed.

All sailing ships were registered in the Austrian ship register and sailed in the long voyage class. Most of the sailing ships were rigged like a bark, followed by a brigantine and a brig-schooner.

A bark is a sailing vessel with three or more masts and a mast. The aft mast always has longitudinal sails (sail and jib. All other masts are equipped with cross sails. It is also equipped with flying sails and crossbars.

The disappearance of sailing ships from the historical stage at the end of the 18th century did not stop the sale, transport and export of wood for the Seta. Steamships take over trade and transport. Wood is transported by the Senj steamer SOKOL, then the steamers PRACAT, DUBAC and many others.

Tea Marinović