After studying the Nationalism, Liberalism and Conservative Reactions section you should understand:

• The creation of the Congress of Vienna and Europeans attempt to maintain order after the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte

• The challenge of nationalism and liberalism to the conservative order.

• Domestic and international policies of the conservative governments comprising the Concert of Europe.

• The revolutions of 1830 in Europe and the passage of the Great Reform Bill of 1832 in Britain.

• The causes of the revolutions of 1848

After studying the Rise of Nation States section you should understand:

• The causes and results of the Crimean War.

• Reforms undertaken in the Ottoman Empire.

• The unification of Germany and Italy.

• The shift from the Second Empire to the Third Republic in France.

• The emergence of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.

• Russian political and social reforms, including emancipation of the serfs, and Russian attempts at industrialization.

• British liberalism and the confrontation with Irish nationalists over the Irish Question

Textbook Reading Sections

Nationalism, Liberalism and Conservative Reactions – p. 306-307, p. 320 - 345

Primary Readings - Nationalism

• The Principles of Nationalism p. 325-326

Giuseppe Mazzini Defines Nationality

Lord Acton Condemns Nationalism An Unsuccessful Military Coup in Russia (image) p. 337

Secondary

• Gymnastics and German Nationalism p. 331

Outside Primary Readings

• Benjamin Constant Discusses Modern Liberty

• Metternich Discusses Sources of Political Unrest

Secondary Supportive Documents

Article- “Was Bismarck the Key Factor in the Unification of Germany?”By James Graham (CR1c)

Article- “How was Italy Unified”, Alan Farmer, History Review, March 2006 (CR1c)

Potential LEQ Questions

• Evaluate Metternich's attempts to maintain the old order in Europe. Be sure to discuss their short term and long term success

• What were the underlying causes of the failure the 1848 Revolution in France. Analyze what transpired to divide the groups and describe the consequences for French politics.

• Discuss three of the "revolutions" of 1848 and evaluate the ways in which they put an end to the old regimes.

• Analyze and compare the effects of nationalism on Italian and Austro-Hungarian politics between 1815 and 1914.

Potential LEQ Questions

• Compare and contrast Bismarck's unification of Germany with the efforts of Cavour and Garibaldi in Italy.

• Identify the barriers to German unification that existed for hundreds of years. How was Bismarck able to overcome these?

• Assess the extent to which the unification of Germany under Bismarck led to authoritarian government there between 1871 and 1914.

• Discuss the process by which Great Britain continues to give representation to new groups throughout the 1800s. In what other places in British history do such patterns exist?

• How do the reigns of Alexanders II & III fit in with their predecessors going back to Peter the Great? What historical patterns, if any, can you identify?

• Discuss the instability of the Austrian Regime from 1848 to 1914. In what ways is this instability stirring the larger pot of European conflict?