Potential Energy and Energy Conserv ation

CON-1.A

a. Compare conservative and dissipative forces.

b. Describe the role of a conservative force or a dissipative force in a dynamic system.

CON-1.B

a. Explain how the general relationship between potential energy functions and conservative forces is used to determine relationships between the two physical quantities.

b. Derive an expression that represents the relationship between a conservative force acting in a system on an object to the potential energy of the system using the methods of calculus.

CON-1.C

Describe the force within a system and the potential energy of a system.

CON-1.D

a. Derive the expression for the potential energy function of an ideal spring.

b. Derive an expression for the potential energy function of a non-ideal spring that has a nonlinear relationship with position.

CON-1.E

Calculate the potential energy of a system consisting of an object in a uniform gravitational field.

CON-1.F

Derive an expression for the gravitational potential energy of a system consisting of a satellite or large mass (e.g., an asteroid) and the Earth at a great distance from the Earth.

CON-2.A

a. Describe physical situations in which mechanical energy of an object in a system is converted to other forms of energy in the system.

b. Describe physical situations in which the total mechanical energy of an object in a system changes or remains constant.

CON-2.B

Describe kinetic energy, potential energy, and total energy in relation to time (or position) for a “conservative” mechanical system.

CON-2.C

a. Calculate unknown quantities (e.g., speed or positions of an object) that are in a conservative system of connected objects, such as the masses in an Atwood machine, masses connected with pulley/ string combinations, or the masses in a modified Atwood machine.

b. Calculate unknown quantities, such as speed or positions of an object that is under the influence of an ideal spring.

c. Calculate unknown quantities, such as speed or positions of an object that is moving under the influence of some other non-constant one dimensional force.

CON-2 D

Derive expressions such as positions, heights, angles, and speeds for an object in vertical circular motion or pendulum motion in an arc.