Bubble movement on both hydrophilic SiO2 surface and hydrophobic FOTS surface immersed in DI water with/without dissolved air. For degassed water without dissolved air, bubble moves smoothly with the laser on both SiO2 and FOTS surfaces because the microlayer covers the entire bubble base, acting as a lubrication layer. However, the bubble does not follow the laser on FOTS surface once the three-phase contact line and dry region form.

Bubble growth on both hydrophilic SiO2 surface and hydrophobic FOTS surface immersed in regular DI water (saturated with dissolved air). The bubble keeps growing with constant laser power as the dissolved air is released into the bubble along with the evaporation occurring in microlayer region.

Bubble movement on hydrophilic SiO2 surface after the formation of the contact line and dry region. The dynamical behavior of microlayer and contact line in the advancing and receding regions can be visualized.

Steady state bubble formation on hydrophilic SiO₂ surface with degassed water

Steady state bubble formation on hydrophobic FOTS surface with degassed water

Steady state bubble formation on hydrophilic SiO2 surface with regular water