Please note: This document reflects the changes made in 2005 recommendations for Indic-script OpenType font and shaping-engine implementations. While Indic fonts made according to the earlier recommendations will still function properly in the new versions of Uniscribe, font developers may choose to update their fonts, particularly if they wish to avoid certain limitations of the earlier implementation.

This document presents information that will help font developers create or support OpenType fonts for the Telugu script covered by the Unicode Standard. The Telugu script is used to write the Telugu language of Andhra Pradesh, India, as well as the minority languages Gondi and Lambadi.


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This document targets developers implementing Indic shaping behavior compatible with Microsoft OpenType specification for Indic scripts. It contains information about terminology, font features and behavior of the Indic shaping engine in regards to the Telugu script. While it does not contain instructions for creating Telugu fonts, it will help font developers understand how the Indic shaping engine processes Indic text. In addition, registered features of the Telugu script are defined and illustrated with examples.

In the example below using the Devanagari script, (Ra + halant + Da+ halant + Ma + I-matra), Ra + halant will form the reph, but how the Da is classified will determine the position of the reph as well as the location of the pre-pended matra.

Half form of consonants (pre-base form) - A variant form of consonants which appear to the left of the base consonant, if they do not participate in a ligature. Consonants in their half form precede the ones forming the base glyph. Some Indic scripts, like Devanagari have distinctly shaped half forms for most of the consonants. If not distinct shape exists, the full form will display with an explicit Virama (same shape as the halant form).

Matra (Dependent Vowel) - Used to represent a vowel sound that is not inherent to the consonant. Dependent vowels are referred to as "matras" in Sanskrit. They are always depicted in combination with a single consonant, or with a consonant cluster. The greatest variation among different Indian scripts is found in the rules for attaching dependent vowels to base characters.

Pre-base form of consonants - A variant form of a consonant that appears to the left of the base glyph. Note that most pre-base consonant forms are logically as well as visually before the base consonant. Half forms are examples of this kind of pre-base form. In some scripts, though, a pre-base Ra may logically follow the base consonant (that is, it follows it phonetically and in the character sequence of the text), even though it is presented visually before the base. The shaping engine detects such cases dynamically using the 'pref' feature and re-orders the pre-base-form glyph as needed.

The descriptions which follow will help font developers understand the rationale for the Telugu feature encoding model and help application developers better understand how layout clients can divide responsibilities with operating system functions.

Static properties define basic characteristics that do not change from font to font: character type (consonant, matra, vedic sign, etc.) or type of matra reordering. They differ from script to script, but can't be controlled by font developer.

Reorder reph: Reph's original position is always at the beginning of the syllable, (i.e. it is not reordered at the character reordering stage). However, it will be reordered according to the basic-forms shaping results. Possible positions for reph, depending on the script, are; after main, before post-base consonant forms, and after post-base consonant forms.

Unicode defines specific behaviors for zwj and zwnj in relation to Indic scripts. The Indic-specific behavior retains the general behavior that zwj requests connection between text elements while zwnj inhibits connection between text elements.

The features listed below have been defined to create the basic forms for the languages that are supported on Telugu systems. Regardless of the model an application chooses for supporting layout of complex scripts, the shaping engine requires a fixed order for executing features within a run of text to consistently obtain the proper basic form.

Many of the registered features described and illustrated in this document are based on the Microsoft OpenType font Gautami. 'Gautami' contains layout information and glyphs to support all of the required features for the Telugu script and language systems supported.

This feature is used in association with OpenType language system tags to trigger lookups that will select alternate glyphs needed for language-specific typographic conventions. The 'locl' should not be used in association with the default language system, but only used with other language system tags. See the Appendix of this document for language system tags associated with the Telugu script.

Applying this feature substitutes half forms - forms of consonants used in the pre-base position. Consonants that have a half form should be listed in the 'half' feature. Some scripts, like Devanagari have distinctly shaped half forms for most of the consonants however, if a consonant does not have a distinct shape for the half form and does not form any ligature, it will be displayed with an explicit Virama (same shape as the halant form).

The pres, abvs, blws, psts and haln features are all mandatory for software implementations: they are required for correct script behaviour and none should ever be treated as discretionary. Because of this and because they are all applied simultaneously over entire clusters, they are not functionally different: a set of lookups could be divided between these features or grouped together under one of them with no difference in effect. These multiple features are provided, however, as an aid to the font developer for organizing lookups based on the combinations of glyphs they apply to. There are no specific requirements on how each should be used; the examples provided below illustrate typical usage, however.

Currently most shaping engine implementations only support the "default" language system for each script. However, font developers may want to build language specific features which are supported in other applications and will be supported in future Microsoft OpenType implementations.

NOTE: It is strongly recommended to include the "dflt" language tag in all OpenType fonts because it defines the basic script handling for a font. The "dflt" language system is used as the default if no other language specific features are defined, or if the application does not support that particular language. If the "dflt" tag is not present for the script being used, the font may not work in some applications.

Note: both the script and language tags are case sensitive (script tags should be lowercase, language tags are all caps) and must contain four characters (ie. you must add a space to the three character language tags)

Support for a script might require certain changes to text stack components and changes to fonts. The Windows operating system has many text stack components: DirectWrite, GDI, Uniscribe, GDI+, WPF, RichEdit, ComCtl32, and others. The information provided here pertains primarily to GDI and DirectWrite. It's also applicable to user interface frameworks such as RichEdit or the MSHTML rendering agent used for Windows apps and for rendering Web content, though those components might exhibit certain differences.

All Windows 10 editions support the same set of scripts. In addition to the scripts supported in earlier Windows releases, Windows 10 adds support for several historic scripts. These scripts are supported using the new Segoe UI Historic font.

Certain other historic scripts were supported in earlier versions in the Segoe UI Symbol font.In order to avoid duplication, the following scripts were from Segoe UI Symbol and included in Segoe UI Historic:

Many additional fonts are available for Desktop and Server, including all other fonts from previous releases.However, not all of these fonts are preinstalled by default in all images.In order to make disk usage and font choices more relevant to users according to the languages that they use, many fonts were moved into optional, on-demand packages.These packages are designed around the different scripts that fonts are primarily intended to support. Windows Update installs most of these packages automatically when the associated languages are enabled in language settings (for example, by enabling a keyboard). However, you can install any of the optional font packages manually in Settings. The Pan-European Supplemental Fonts package isn't triggered automatically but can be added by enabling it in Settings.

Another significant international development in Windows 10 is the introduction of a new complex-script shaping engine, the Universal Shaping Engine. The Universal Shaping Engine allows any complex script in Unicode 7.0 to be shaped correctly even if the script isn't yet supported by a system-provided font.Users can install a suitable OpenType font for correct shaping behavior for any script in Unicode 7.0.

For certain previously supported scripts, the fonts used for the Windows user interface were changed in Windows 8.In some cases, support for a script was added to an existing font (such as Segoe UI); in other cases, entirely new user interface fonts for those scripts were added.The user interface font changes are as follows:

In Windows 7, some true bold fonts were added to support better user interface display for Bangla, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Khmer, Lao, Malayalam, Odia, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu script.Some fonts for already-supported scripts were updated to include support for Unicode 5.1.

Windows 7 added support for Unicode variation-selector sequences for Phags-pa script and math symbols.This support makes use of OpenType format 14 cmap subtables in Microsoft PhagsPa and Cambria Math fonts. 006ab0faaa

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