This project originated as the final assignment for my junior-year Digital Electronics course, which required students to develop an original Arduino-based project incorporating at least two inputs, two outputs, conditional logic, and an LED indicator. Having extensive previous experience with Arduino programming, electronics, and robotics, my classmate and I chose to significantly expand the scope of the assignment by creating our own engineering challenge. Rather than developing a simple demonstration circuit, we independently designed and built fully functional battle bots from the ground up. Each robot was required to integrate a custom 3D-printed chassis, an Arduino microcontroller, and commercially available electronic components into a complete battle bot-style system. To encourage creativity while maintaining a safe competition, we established a few of our own design constraints: all robots had to exclude projectiles, sharp weapons, and combustible systems while remaining compact enough to fit inside a backpack for transportation to school. The project presented a significant engineering challenge due to the limited development schedule. From the initial concept to the final competition, we had only seven days to complete the entire engineering process, including concept development, CAD design, manufacturing, electronics integration, programming, testing, troubleshooting, and design iteration—all while balancing our normal academic coursework. The competition was held on the final day of the school year as a public event attended by dozens of other students and our engineering teachers. Beyond serving as an exciting conclusion to the course, the project provided an opportunity to apply the skills we developed in creating robotic systems with the added challenge of a tight timeline. More importantly, it demonstrated the value of challenging ourselves beyond the minimum project requirements to create a more ambitious and rewarding engineering project that we thought was a better representation of our skills.
My design centered around using components that I already had available from previous projects and spare electronics I had collected over time. Since the project had only a seven-day development timeline, designing around existing components allowed me to spend more time on engineering and iteration rather than sourcing new parts. I chose a heavier tank-style design that utilized two independently driven TPU tracks. This drivetrain provided skid-steer (tank) steering, allowing the robot to pivot in place while maximizing the contact area with the ground. The larger contact patch was intended to increase traction, making it more difficult for an opponent to push or control my robot during battle. The structural design consisted of an internal carbon fiber rod skeleton that carried the majority of the mechanical loads, while a 3D-printed outer shell enclosed and protected the electronics and served as the primary mounting structure for the robot's components. This hybrid construction combined the strength and rigidity of carbon fiber with the design flexibility of additive manufacturing, allowing complex mounting features to be integrated directly into the printed shell. For the weapon system, I repurposed a high-power 12V DC motor from an old cordless drill and designed a front-mounted four-blade blender-style weapon around it. I wasn't able to design my bot to counter whatever weapon system my opponent designed because we decided to hide our strategies from each other until the day of our competition, so I went with the design I thought would deal the most damage with the resources I had on hand.
Consistent with the project's overall design philosophy, the electronics were built almost entirely from components I already had on hand from previous projects. This challenged me to design a control system around existing hardware while still creating a reliable and competitive robot within the project's one-week timeline. An Arduino Uno served as the robot's primary controller, managing all onboard logic and processing operator inputs. To enable wireless control, I integrated a Bluetooth communication module, allowing an old Android smartphone to connect directly to the Arduino and remotely operate the robot during combat. This approach eliminated the need for a traditional RC transmitter while providing a simple, effective wireless control system with readily available hardware. The drivetrain consisted of two independently driven DC motors controlled by an L298N dual H-bridge motor controller. This configuration provided independent speed and direction control for each track, enabling tank-style steering and allowing the robot to pivot in place for improved maneuverability during combat. The L298N was selected because it could be easily interfaced with the Arduino while providing a straightforward solution for bidirectional motor control. To control the high-power DC weapon motor, I used a 5 V relay triggered by the Arduino to switch the motor directly to the 12 V battery supply. This allowed the weapon to receive full battery voltage instantly while giving me the ability to remotely enable or disable the weapon as needed, reducing unnecessary power consumption when the weapon was not in use. To improve reliability during operation, a 6 V DC cooling fan was mounted on the top of the robot to draw fresh air into the electronics bay. The fan provided continuous airflow over the internal electronics, helping dissipate heat generated by the motor controller, relay, and other onboard components during extended operation. As for the required LED indicator, my teacher accepted the signal indicator LED on the Bluetooth module to meet the project requirements, given the complexity and effort already put into the project, which was just meant to show that we had retained the material taught in the course.
The drivetrain was designed as a modular track assembly that could be easily mounted to different chassis designs, allowing for future design flexibility. Each side is powered by a single DC gear motor that drives a spur gear and two TPU continuous tracks supported by a series of idler gears. The track assembly is enclosed within a 3D-printed protective housing, leaving only the bottom surface exposed to maximize traction while helping protect the drivetrain from attacks intended to immobilize the robot.
The robot utilizes a lightweight hybrid frame consisting of an internal skeleton constructed from extruded carbon fiber rods, which carry the majority of the structural loads. 3D-printed PLA armor panels then clip directly onto the tubular chassis, forming the robot's outer shell while protecting the internal electronics and mechanical components from impacts.
The weapon system is powered by a 12 V DC drill motor driving a front-mounted four-blade blender-style spinner. The spinning weapon stores kinetic energy in a flywheel-like manner before transferring that energy to an opponent upon impact, delivering powerful strikes intended to damage or disable the opposing robot while remaining within the project's safety constraints.
Both my classmate and I successfully completed our robots within the seven-day deadline, and on the final day of school, we transformed our engineering workshop into a small battle arena where dozens of students and teachers gathered to watch the competition. The match began with both robots repeatedly colliding, gradually stripping away each other's outer armor as the weapon systems exchanged heavy impacts. Midway through the battle, my robot experienced a critical weapon failure. The 3D-printed spinner blades were unable to withstand the repeated impact loads, causing all four blades to fracture and rendering the weapon ineffective. Although the drivetrain continued to perform reliably, the match quickly shifted into a game of cat and mouse while I tried to chase after my opponent's lighter, more maneuverable bot to pin it. As I tried chasing his bot around the arena, he continued to carefully swoop in and land strikes on my bot with his solid wood spinner. Ultimately, my opponent was declared the winner when it was apparent that I could no longer disable his bot. Despite my loss, the project remains one of my favorites because of how fun and challenging it was to create these bots in such a short time. Looking back, I devoted too much attention to creating a visually appealing robot instead of focusing on the durability of my design and creating a weapon capable of surviving repeated impacts. I look forward to potentially revisiting this project in the future, though, to challenge myself to create a more robust competition robot and fix some design flaws I found I made.