Newton's first law states that if no net external force is applied to a body at rest, the body will remain at rest. In other words, without any external force acting on an object moving in a straight line at a constant velocity, the object will continue to move in a straight line at a constant velocity.Well, with these interpretations, if we want to have an image of this law, we have no choice but to depict a still shot in photography or painting. Of course, this is one way to depict this law. For a more understandable explanation, if we think that we have a clock that stops whenever we point at it, time stops. Of course, our topic is not time, but this is what we will see.Newton's first law, which is one of the laws of dynamics, will be destroyed. Even the law of gravity cannot explain these laws when we pull an apple or a basket of apples or take a picture of it, but images of objects or shapes that have been moving and we assume them to be stationary at a moment can illustrate this law. The shapes that were moving for whatever reason (whatever force) are now depicted with their movement, but in the eyes of art, they are still, not because the factor that moves them has not entered.
This is the manifest of the abnormal diffusion of the universal genius, made by me in collaboration with Leonardo da Vinci and art tools of artificial intelligence.
The entry tries to showcase the pollution in Delhi, the city I live in. Delhi is the world’s most polluted city, and breathing the air here is equal to smoking 50 cigarettes a day. I’ve tried to create an artwork that shows the pollution, the smoke, and the haze in the form of mathematical patterns of diffusion. Through the art, I also hope to bring this climate crisis to light. The monument at the forefront is the India Gate, a famous site in Delhi, which has been used to show how pollution is affecting our everyday life in the city.
The artwork features the Cartwheel Galaxy, a lenticular ring galaxy about 500 million light-years away. The image, which uses data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory, has been processed in a way that the dust clouds of the galaxy create a mosaic structure. Through this entry, I was hoping to show how astrophotography can be used to create art.
Title: Shut Pandora’s Box
The glass Petri dish that contains my bronze cast is normally used for growing bacteria. The cast, filling the bottom of the dish, is incised with ambiguous forms.
A crude network pattern dominates the middle of the cast’s face. At the outer edges, it is connected to strands like zig-zag traces of random walking.
Many pairs of small rounded cell-like bodies connect to the network and some similar, but single, individuals lie in clumps beyond this structure. Their morphology resembles the ubiquitous bacterium Streptococcus. It can communicate on a cell-to-cell basis through the phenomenon of quorum sensing. Secretory chemicals (autoinducers) prompt a colony of individual Streptococci to act like an interconnected network and simultaneously form biofilms or become virulent.
Stochastic mathematical modelling, including fractional reaction-diffusion models, has undoubtedly improved our understanding of quorum sensing. This insight might unlock future therapeutic interventions through modification of quorum sensing. Maybe the lid on Pandora’s boxful of antibiotic-resistant bacteria will become firmly shut in the future? However, some reviewers have noted that this area of research tends not to be published in mathematical journals. Maybe it has not been fully embraced by the mathematical establishment as a fruitful area for study?
Title: Caley’s Beautiful Quantum Tree
The face of the bronze cast features a raised shiny dendritic pattern. Behind it there is a similar but indented pattern. Both patterns resemble mathematicians’ Caley trees based on graph theory. Between the dendritic patterns, finely detailed indentations in the surface of the bronze resemble a cellular matrix.
Mathematical modelling based on random walking on Caley trees is a useful means of investigating diffusion. Mathematicians have also used Caley trees to describe quantum Markov states. The calculation of mean entropies of quantum Markov fields has been a long-standing conundrum of quantum probability. This approach enabled them to take a huge leap forward in resolving it. Other mathematicians used a Cayley tree model of idiotypic networks to gain insights into the programming of B immune cells and antibody dynamics.
I am amazed at the universality of mathematical truth exemplified by such diverse applications of a theoretical construct. As an artist, the complexity of the mathematical formulae underpinning the theory are a total mystery. However, researchers’ remarks about the elegance and beauty of the solutions strongly resonate with me. It is truly a beautiful thing when universal truths are revealed. My artwork is a celebration of this beauty.
“Ode to the FFT” is a contemporary interpretation of a stained glass window in a society where technology plays an increasingly important role. It attempts to depict the hidden and complex world within the technology we use every day. It is a tribute to a widely used mathematical algorithm; the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The FFT reveals anomalies by translating data into a domain where hidden structures and unexpected patterns (harmonics, noise, interference) become visible. In the work, its special qualities and underlying symmetries are magnified. This manifests itself in an abstract spectacle in which shapes and colours merge and evaporate in waves.
This piece depicts four Lévy walk (superdiffusive) trajectories, each governed by a different anomalous diffusion exponent, which controls the frequency of long-range jumps. From compact, diffusive motion to sudden displacements, each path represents a distinct regime of randomness. Rendered in vibrant colours and layered over a dark void, I wanted to evoke a sense of energy and vitality. These kinds of random trajectories always remind me of the intricate networks of thought: some paths are densely tangled, others seem smooth for a while (a long-range jump), only to become chaotic again. I chose to keep it visually simple, using only colour and contrast to let the complexity of the paths speak for itself. This work explores how mathematical models of randomness, when layered and contrasted, can create motion that feels almost alive, carrying both physical intuition and visual poetry. It’s a portrait of energy, fragmented, entangled, and always in flux.
At the center of this piece are four Lévy walk (superdiffusive) trajectories, each governed by a different anomalous diffusion exponent, which controls the frequency of long-range jumps. Individually, these trajectories appear chaotic, erratic, and complex. But surrounding them is a perfect mathematical structure: a Koch snowflake fractal. The juxtaposition is intentional, tracing the tension between order and chaos. The fractal curve is partially open, allowing the individual trajectories to merge with it and form a single, unified shape. This work explores the contrast between local randomness and global order, how individual paths may seem chaotic or inconclusive, yet the bigger picture reveals symmetry and structure. I chose a grayscale palette for the inner walks to let their texture speak clearly, while the fractal frame glows in gold, highlighting its clean, recursive symmetry. The contrast invites the viewer to shift perspective: zoomed in, the world is messy; zoomed out, structure emerges.
This collection merges rigorous mathematics with artistic interpretation, bridging formal models and everyday animal behaviour. Each piece explores how probabilistic movement, uncertainty, and structure shape both mathematics and nature.
1. The Triptych
This triptych visualizes diffusion in ecological processes. Each panel represents a distinct movement type: regular diffusion (fox), superdiffusive Levy flights (shark), and subdiffusion (sloth).
Each subject is split: one half geometrically structured, reflecting mathematical models, and one half realistic, grounding the abstraction in nature. Real movement data and simulations of diffusive paths shape the background.
2. Individual Pieces
Each animal embodies a movement process: the shark moves freely across the sea, the fox diffuses in familiar terrain, and the sloth's motion is constrained by memory and habitat. Lattice structures within each remind us that mathematics models reality‚ sometimes complex, sometimes simplified.
Diffusion paths were first simulated, then artistically rendered inside the animal lattice, revealing how Levy flights extend, Brownian motion spreads evenly, and subdiffusive paths stay bound within the animal's outline.
By blending mathematical abstraction with organic realism, this work highlights the interplay between structure and randomness‚ a central theme in probability, physics, and biology.
Title: Everywhere you look
At first glance, it’s just a charming winter scene—kids by the fire, a fox in the snow, and a very questionable raft queue. But look closer: sharks are doing Lévy flights, the dock is a subdiffusive percolation cluster, and that iceberg? Maybe it hints at the extensions of the Stefan problem in fractional calculus. Every character hides a mathematical secret, from the mole's constrained motion to the drunk sailor on the dock to the fractional queue on the pier.
It’s a comic-style tribute to serious mathematics, with the idea that art was not accessible to everyone until comics came along. Since math should be available to everyone, a comic approach was the way to go!
You wish to uncover the math behind (a slightly chaotic) scene? See the video till the end:) You don't? Just enjoy the picture and wonder why something is there! Find the ice-cream gnome! Or the maths that I brushed over!
The idea for this painting arose at the time of its creation. For me personally, higher mathematics is something foreign, I can count, multiply what is needed on a daily basis, but that's what my knowledge of mathematics is all about, so I portray this image that expresses my emotions when I hear the word, math. Probably, many feel the same way and therefore the work serves as a reminder that everyone has their own place. Someone is a mathematician, someone a salesman, or someone else is an artist and so on and so forth.
Title: Persian Geometric Dome Pattern.
This image captures the intricate geometric patterns of a Persian-style dome, featuring a mesmerizing interplay of blue, turquoise, and gold hues. The design showcases traditional Islamic art, characterized by elaborate tilework and symmetrical star patterns. The central point radiates outward in a complex web of polygons and floral motifs, reflecting the architectural brilliance of Persian and Islamic heritage. Such domes are commonly found in mosques, mausoleums, and historic sites across Iran and Central Asia.
"The Diffusion Cascade" is a sculpture that plays with the idea of balance and instability. It features a series of porous blocks that seem to tumble down in an irregular pattern, with intentional gaps and voids throughout. These blocks appear to float in mid-air, held up by tension cables, creating a sense of weightlessness. Made from concrete or recycled ceramic with a rough, worn texture, the material gives the sculpture an organic, natural feel. The whole piece is set inside a sand dial, where sand constantly flows through the porous blocks, creating dynamic, changing patterns. Inspired by the randomness of Brownian motion and how particles move in unpredictable ways, the sand creates paths that shift and evolve over time. The sculpture’s movement and changing patterns blur the line between stability and collapse, making it a fascinating piece that combines art, science, and nature in a unique way.
Title: Cracked Walls: A Story of Decay and Growth
This photograph captures the intricate patterns of cracks spreading across an old concrete wall, shaped by time and the forces of nature. The unpredictable, web-like fractures resemble the concept of anomalous diffusion, where movement doesn’t follow a simple path. Every crack tells a story of pressure, weakness, and resilience. In some areas, small plants have emerged from the gaps, adding a touch of life to the decay. Just as nature finds a way to grow through uncertainty, the wall stands as a reminder of how beauty can emerge from chaos. This image invites viewers to see the patterns of randomness in our surroundings, reflecting the delicate balance between destruction and renewal.
Title: Fractal Echoes – Recursive Reflections
Reflecting stochastic processes & fractals hand-drawn ink composition inspired by fractals and random walks with reflection. The artwork features self-repeating wave-like structures that morph unpredictably as they expand outward, forming a chaotic yet harmonious whole. Mirror symmetry disrupted in places to reflect the "anomaly" aspect.
This piece visually represents stochastic systems where randomness influences recursive structures—such as Brownian motion reflecting off boundaries.
Title: Turbulence & Flow – Chaotic Fluid Networks
Fluid & gas dynamics, kinetic art.
An abstract black-and-white ink drawing that captures the essence of fluid turbulence, vortex patterns, and unpredictable motion. The composition is filled with swirling, fragmented ink waves, intersecting currents, and disjointed yet connected forms. Think of a mathematical weather system, where ink represents the invisible forces shaping its motion. This piece reflects anomalous diffusion, where particles move in unpredictable, non-linear paths instead of following smooth trajectories.
Title: The Unraveling Lattice – Deforming Networks
Random networks & interacting particle systems.
A web-like intricate ink drawing of a distorted grid or network, with nodes that shift, stretch, and dissolve. Some areas remain rigid, while others crumble, fragment, or warp into seemingly impossible structures, symbolising the instability of interacting particle systems and network anomalies.
This piece visualises randomised graph theory, where nodes and edges behave unpredictably, much like chaotic structures in quantum mechanics or complex adaptive systems.
These three pieces emerged from a synthesis of various randomness concepts–automatic writing, AI algorithms, modular synthesis, and genetic drift (the random fluctuation in gene variant frequency within populations over time). My foundation was James John Garth Wilkinson's poem "Sand-eating," a 19th-century spiritualist physician's experiment in automatic writing. I prompted an AI to generate noise patterns as thematic reflections of this poem, then fed these patterns into an image-to-text AI application with instructions to visualize genetic drift processes.
My creative approach itself embodied structured randomness. Each step—from selecting the poem to choosing the patterns and filtering results—involved a degree of unpredictability, guided by my aesthetic paradigm. This paradigm, in itself, can be seen as a fortunate accident—the culmination of unexpected coincidences.
The works thus reveal the dynamics between deliberate creative intention and the complex systems of algorithmic patterns, generating emergent properties that materialize through the interaction of numerous computational components.