In this research project we discussed about the convergent and divergent nozzle design with varying inlet and throat area or throat area ratio and will see the variation in aerodynamic parameters and analyze all three designs on the ANSYS Fluent. 

Titanium alloys are considered to be the frontier for biomedical applications. The coating of Tantalum (Ta) on Ti-6Al-4V alloy also known as Ti64 is advantageous as it enhances the corrosion resistance, strength and biocompatibility. Ta coatings on Ti64 with thicknesses of 3.906 µm, 5.763 µm and 10.640 µm using DC-sputtering were deposited over 15 minutes, 25 minutes and 35 minutes respectively. The surface morphology of the coatings as observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the dull appearance of coating with increase in the coating time due to argon gas flow ratio and deposited powder on the surface. The occurrence of corrosion depths identified using SEM images shows its less presence in bare than the coated specimens. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis identifies the elements along with their specific compositions for bare as well as coated specimens. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic (PD) of coated specimens were carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The Ta-coatings of thicknesses 3.906 µm, 5.763 µm and 10.640 µm led to 98% reductions in the corrosion current. Potentiodynamic measurement revealed the lowest corrosion rate was recorded for Ta-coating of 35 minute on Ti64 as 0.0015 mm/yr whereas highest corrosion rate for bare Ti64 as 0.0042 mm/yr. 

This study investigates polypropylene (PP) composites enhanced with PP-g-MAH, halloysite nanotubes (HNT), and aluminum trihydride (ATH) for improved mechanical and thermal performance. PP-g-MAH was used as a compatibilizer to facilitate uniform dispersion of nanofillers and promote interfacial bonding. Tensile and flexural tests demonstrated significant improvements in strength and stiffness with the optimal filler concentrations. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed increased crystallinity and nucleation efficiency in HNT-loaded samples. Wear analysis showed reduced wear rate, with PP/PP-g-MAH/HNT-1.7/ATH-2.5 exhibiting the best resistance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structural integration of HNT and ATH with distinct crystalline peaks. Raman spectroscopy validated the chemical bonding and dispersion of fillers in the PP matrix. Excessive filler content, however, reduced performance due to agglomeration. This work highlights the synergistic effect of HNT and ATH with PP-g-MAH for high-performance thermoplastic composites.