MICROALGAE-MEDIATED REMOVAL OF WATERBORNE PATHOGENS FOR WASTEWATER DISINFECTION 

Mechanistic intricacies of microalgae-mediated pathogen removal were uncovered. 

Microalgae-induced pH increase and photooxidation identified as crucial pathogen removal mechanisms.

Longer photoperiods or ultraviolet irradiation promote pathogen removal.

Singlet oxygen identified as a crucial reactive oxygen species involved in photooxidative damage to pathogens.

Comparable LCA impacts between phycoremediation and existing SBR-STP.

Lower QMRA impacts for algae-based pathogen removal from wastewater.

Assessing biomass reuse is critical for accurate evaluation of algae-based treatment.

Biocrude production from microalgal biomass exhibits lowest LCA-QMRA impacts.

In-house electricity generation, nutrient recycling is vital for process feasibility.

Efficiency of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to remove Escherichia coli from wastewater was investigated.

Taguchi method was employed for multiparameter process optimization.

C. pyrenoidosa achieved 92% removal of total bacteria from real sewage.

C. pyrenoidosa removed 98% Enterobacteriaceae and 96% Salmonella sp. from real sewage.

Wastewater strength and illumination are crucial for pathogen removal.

Methodological framework is developed to conduct integrated LCA-QMRA for any WWTP.

Midpoint LCA modeling revealed electricity consumption as main environmental hotspot.

Highest annual probability of illness obtained for adenovirus and norovirus exposure.

Individual LCA and QMRA risks for STP exceeded WHO benchmark for safe water reuse.

Detailed account on techno-economic assessment of microalgae cultivation systems.

Research trends investigated with VOSviewer bibliometric mapping.

Open raceway ponds are most feasible followed by flat-panel photobioreactors.

Scale-up from 1 to 10 ha facility can reduce biomass production cost from 14.16 to 5.9 $/kg for flat-panel PBR.

Research needed on hybrid systems for sustainable microalgal biomass production.

Scientific literature on LCA of algae-based treatment systems (A-WWT) is relatively scarce. 

Exploration of the applicability of LCA in A-WWT to assess overall sustainability.

Utilization of a holistic approach to provide insight into various stages of LCA.

Critical analyses of published LCA-A-WWT studies. 

Discussion on the challenges associated with LCA of A-WWT and plausible future prospects.

State-of-the-art review on prevalence of viruses in wastewater; including SARS-CoV-2.

In-depth analysis of the impact of waterborne viral diseases and enhanced reuse of water.

Insightful discussion on physical, chemical and, biological methods for virus removal.

Discussion on the advanced microalgae-mediated approaches for eradication of viruses.

Explicit account of key mechanisms involved in microalgae-based viruses disinfection.

Highlights the role of algae as a treasure-trove of bioactive metabolites. 

Exploration of algal metabolites for use as therapeutic options.

Insights into metabolite's possible action against human pathogenic viruses; including SARS-CoV-2. 

Discussion on key antiviral metabolites, namely, phycocyanobilin, lectins, and, sulphated polysaccharides.