We focus on understanding how Earth's climate system responds to various influences, ranging from natural phenomena to human activities, across global and regional scales, such as India, South-East Asia, the Tropics, and the Arctic. Climate change refers to the long-term response of the climate system to disturbances like changes in atmospheric composition, land use, volcanic eruptions, solar radiation, typically occurring over decades to centuries. In contrast, climate variability pertains to fluctuations in climate variables such as temperature, precipitation, and humidity around the mean state of the climate system. These variations can occur concurrently with changes in the mean climate state.

In addition to studying climate responses, we tackle a fundamental challenge in climate science: quantifying the climate feedback & sensitivity. This entails understanding climate variability, feedback mechanisms, cloud feedbacks, energy transport, efficacy of forcing agents. 

To address these challenges, we employ a range of climate models, including simple box models to state-of-the-art Global Climate Models (GCMs). We supplement this by evidences from climate observations to enhance & inform our understanding and for model validation. Currently, we are configuring GCMs in different modes, from fully coupled to atmosphere-only, and extensively utilizing climate data from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). These efforts are aimed at advancing our understanding of climate change, its variability and impacts.