questions—that can be conducted remotely and can make in-person visits with a provider go more smoothly. Families highly valued the remote use of these supportive services as a way to strengthen the quality of their medical experience overall. Mobile health application check-ins can also support regular, in-person visits by opening lines of communication between visits. One small-scale intervention tested whether use of a clinically integrated app would improve asthma symptom management (Rudin et al., 2019). Patients were asked to use the app to complete intermittent questionnaires about their symptoms, and providers were asked to use a system that integrated information from that app into their clinical workflow. This remote monitoring form of telehealth engaged patients in their own symptom awareness, raised providers’ awareness of asthma symptoms between scheduled in-person appointments, and created opportunities to address symptoms before they worsened with minimal burden on patients and providers. This intervention shows promise for being scaled to a primary care setting and helping patients avoid urgent and emergency care. Thinking expansively about what can constitute highquality care delivery and carving out roles for telehealth beyond discrete visits could open up more opportunities to create hybrid care models that capitalize on the advantages of both technology and in-person interactions to connect patients to their care teams. Additional Policy Areas The policy goals in the triumvirate are far from the only policy goals worth considering. Recent changes in payment policy and care delivery reflect potential new goals for telehealth, such as reducing disparities in utilization and health outcomes, improving preparedness for emergencies, and increasing the provider supply. Reduce Disparities As noted previously, an important goal of telehealth could be to improve access for underserved populations; narrowing disparities in access and health outcomes is closely tied to that goal. It is well known that disparities in access to specific services exist for those who have certain types of insurance (e.g., Medicaid) or live in certain places (e.g., rural areas). Telehealth could be used, for example, to help increase access to specialty care among those populations that face uniquely long wait times or often defer needed care. One study of data from a Medicaid managed care plan showed that when Medicaid started offering teledermatology services, Medicaid patients could access dermatologists at a significantly higher rate that is closer 10 to the level of utilization among the privately insured. Furthermore, new patients—who typically have difficulty establishing relationships with dermatologists—had the highest utilization of teledermatology (Uscher-Pines, Malsberger, et al., 2016). However, steps must be actively taken to focus on equity and inclusiveness to achieve the goal of reducing disparities. Even as personal devices become less expensive and more ubiquitous, the digital divide thrives. A recent study that used data from 2018 showed that over one-quarter of Medicare beneficiaries lack digital access at home, defined as access to a computer with high-speed internet or a smartphone with a wireless data plan (Roberts and Mehrotra, 2020). Age, education, patient location, and income level play important roles in whether someone has regular access to the internet and whether they own a smartphone capable of conducting video-based calls (Silver, 2019). Providers and patients can have many types of connectivity issues that get in the way of telehealth visits: Both need a capable device, broadband access to make video calls possible (or access to a cellular network and sufficient data in mobile plans), and the digital literacy to understand how to connect remotely. Improve Emergency Preparedness Telehealth could be a critical tool in building and maintaining surge capacity for public health emergencies and protecting both health care workers and patients from exposure to infectious diseases. In the wake of COVID-19 shutdowns, telehealth has been able to reconnect many providers and patients. Researchers envision telehealth being used to address acute provider shortages as well, such as when many providers are in quarantine or physically unable to get to work (Abir et al., 2020). In reflecting on the initial response to the current pandemic, researchers found that being able to successfully meet the need for a surge in staff capacity requires enhanced communication plans and coordination among hospitals, health care systems, and public health entities. Some of these relationships should be built across regions and even across states, so that as one region becomes affected, others might be able to step in to help. Many licensing and payment policies are set at the state level, so policies need to be able to evolve to handle this kind of cooperation. Some programs, such as Project ECHO, which was first launched in 2003 at the University of New Mexico, use technology platforms to disseminate knowledge among providers. Although patient-provider interactions are not currently part of such programs, the programs could evolve and would be well positioned to use existing infrastructure to offer consultations or perhaps direct care in the event of an emergency. In situations similar to the