make disease prevention a standardized, routine part of healthcare include - Healthcare delivery policies that encourage early detection and treatment of diseases to prevent further transmission and the development of more severe disease - Healthcare-facility policies and practices designed to prevent infections and adverse events related to healthcare, including those related to blood transfusions and organ and tissue transplants - IT policies that optimize secure exchange of health information and advance public health goals, including meaningful public health use of electronic health records and electronic laboratory reporting - Occupational safety policies and practices that protect both patients and healthcare workers (e.g., improving influenza vaccination rates among hospital personnel) - Medical reimbursement policies that provide incentives for preventive services (e.g., vaccination and prevention counseling) and preventive practices (e.g., infection control). • Increase community and individual engagement in disease prevention efforts Public health efforts to prevent and control disease depend on engagement and action of communities and individuals. Community‐based partnerships underpin public health activities for both routine disease prevention and outbreak response—enabling broad access to medical services and public health information and reaching underserved rural and urban areas. Public participation in infectious disease prevention efforts is also vital, often serving as the primary step in reducing disease spread. The impact of such participation can be improved through targeted dissemination of practical health information to particular groups and populations with increased risk for acquiring or transmitting infections. Examples include making travelers’ health information available to the 35 million Americans who travel internationally every year; disseminating specific risk reduction information to persons at high risk for diseases such as HIV and chronic viral hepatitis; and ensuring that affected families understand how to help implement community mitigation activities such as self‐quarantine during outbreaks. 22 | CDC ID Framework Community‐based partnerships underpin public health activities for both routine disease prevention and outbreak response. . . Public participation in infectious disease prevention efforts is also vital, often serving as the primary step in reducing disease spread. Efforts to increase community and individual action to prevent infectious disease include policies and initiatives designed to enhance - Availability of public health information through new communication channels, including use of mobile devices to enable individual awareness - Community resilience during outbreaks and unusual public health events - Delivery of preventive services to vulnerable and marginalized populations, with particular focus on strategies to reduce health disparities - Utilization of clinical and preventive services by persons with or at risk for infectious diseases, including efforts to reduce stigma associated with certain infections - Judicious use of antibiotics through messages targeted to patients, parents, and healthcare providers - Understanding of the benefits of vaccination and the risks and dangers of vaccine-preventable diseases - Health literacy and understanding of social practices and behaviors that facilitate or prevent disease spread. • Strengthen global capacity to detect and respond to outbreaks with the potential to cross borders Threats to global health security—health events that can harm not only individuals but society as a whole—include bioterrorist acts; industrial or laboratory accidents; and outbreaks of new, drug‐resistant, or highly dangerous infectious diseases. Ensuring early detection and response to these threats requires global cooperation. The 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR) provide a legal and political framework for detecting and containing outbreaks of international concern (35). Under the 2005 IHR, all WHO member states (nearly 200 nations) are required to maintain or develop core capacities for disease surveillance, reporting, and response capacity, with industrialized nations providing technical support to less developed nations. Implementation of the 2005 IHR is designed to improve the capacity of all countries to detect, assess, report, and respond to public health threats. CDC works to advance the 2005 IHR and other global health policies in collaboration with other U.S. and international partners by supporting and expanding - Bilateral and multilateral initiatives to detect and control emerging threats, including drug‐ resistant diseases, influenza pandemics, and bioterrorist events§ - Global and regional infectious disease surveillance networks, such as WHO’s Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) §U.S. efforts to support international preparedness and response to bioterrorist events and pandemics are described in the October 2011 | 23 - Public health responses to infections from dangerous high‐consequence pathogens (e.g., Ebola virus and other pathogens causing viral hemorrhagic fever) - Responses to outbreaks of infectious diseases that follow natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, and hurricanes. • Address microbial drug resistance Antimicrobial drugs have saved