Embedded Files
"...our students' cultural displays of learning and meaning making and respond positively and constructively with teaching moves that use cultural knowledge as a scaffold to connect what the student knows to new concepts and content in order to promote effective information processing. All the while, the educator understands the importance of being in relationship and having a social-emotional connection to the student in order to create a safe space for learning." - Zaretta Hammond
An equity-minded syllabus promotes significant learning by asking the following questions:
Does the course design include affordable books and materials?
Does the course material invite students to engage in the material in ways that are personal and meaningful in their everyday lives?
Does the syllabus send a message of high expectations and that support will be provided to help them meet your expectations?
Do the course assignments and readings help students of various backgrounds connect to the academic topics?
Does the course enable dependent thinkers to become independent thinkers?
If we use CRTL, we have the capacity to activate our students' cognitive growth, for it is rooted in learning theory and cognitive science. A majority of our students are from communities that are caught in the cycle of poverty. They were not provided with classroom opportunities to develop cognitive skills. That is the achievement gap in action (Hammond, 2015). The reasons they are not offered more opportuniites for rigor are rooted in the education system's legacy of "separate and unequal (Hammond 2015). It is not just a matter of grit or mindset (p. 15). As educators, we have to recognize that we help maintain the achievement gap when we don't teach advance cognitive skills to students we lable as "disadvantaged" because of their language, gender, race, or socio-economic status (p. 14). It creates a gap between the dependent learner and the independent learner.
Characteristics Between an Dependent and Independent Learner
Characteristics Between an Dependent and Independent Learner
The Dependent Learner
The Dependent Learner
Is reliant on the teacher to carry most of the cognitive load of a task
Is unsure of how to tackle a new task
Cannot complete a task without scaffolds
Will sit passively and wait if stuck until teacher intervenes
Doesn't retain information well or doesn't retain information well or "doesn't get it."
The Independent Learner
The Independent Learner
Relies on the teacher to carry some of the cognitive load temporarily
Utilizes strategies and processes for tackling a new task
Regularly attempts new tasks without scaffolds
Has cognitive strategies for getting unstuck
Has learned how to retrieve information from long-term memory
Success Factors
Success Factors
In order to provide a learning environment that will nurture an independent learner, we must understand the success factors students desire. The Research and Planning Group for California Community Colleges (RP Group) asked students from different California Community Colleges what supports their educational success. The study paid special attention to the factors African Americans and Latinos cite as important to their achievement. The goal was to understand how community colleges can feasibly deliver support both inside and outside the classroom to improve success for all students.
The RP Group identified six success factors that contribute to students’ achievement.
Six Success Factors
Six Success Factors
Directed — students have a goal and know how to achieve it
Focused — students stay on track, keeping their eyes on the prize
Nurtured — students feel somebody wants and helps them to succeed
Engaged — students actively participate in class and extracurriculars
Connected — students feel like they are part of the college community
Valued — students’ skills, talents, abilities and experiences are recognized; they have opportunities to contribute on campus and feel their contributions are appreciated
Resources for further study
Resources for further study
CCC Chancellor's Office. (2015) California Community Colleges Key Facts (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
Johnson, H. and M. Cuellar Mejia. (2014). Online courses and achievement gaps (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. The PPIC Blog.
Kaupp, R. (2012) Online Penalty: The Impact of Online Instruction on the Latino-White Achievement Gap. New Forums Press.
Palacios, A. and J. L. Wood. (2015). Is online learning the silver bullet for men of color? An institutional-level analysis of the California Community College system. Community college journal of research and practice.
Public Policy Institute of California. (2014). Online learning and student outcomes in California's community colleges.
RP Group, Student Support (Re)defined (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Google Sites
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