Noriyasu Ando, Hisashi Shidara, Naoto Hommaru, and Hiroto Ogawa, “Auditory Virtual Reality for Insect Phonotaxis,” J. Robot. Mechatron., Vol.33, No.3, pp. 494-504, 2021.
Cricket phonotaxis in auditory virtual reality. A female cricket successfully localized a virtual sound source (conspecific male calling song). The cricket performed back and forth behavior around the source because there was no physical object at the sound source in a virtual arena.
Free-walk phonotaxis. A speaker (earphone) was embedded at the center on the floor and produced the male calling song. A female cricket performed the "back and forth" behavior around the sound source because the cricket could not physically contact the source. This situation was similar to that under the auditory virtual reality (also see supplementary video 1).