Algebraic methods in Combinatorics
Lectures
When: 2nd Semester 2022-2023 (Starts on the 3rd of April 2023)
Wednesdays 9h15 - 11h
First class: 5th of April 2023
Where: Raum SG 2-14, University of Leipzig
Office Hours: No assigned time, just send me an e-mail
Lecture Notes: you can find a preliminary version here
What is this course about?
Combinatorics using some algebraic constructions. We use dimension arguments to get bounds on interesting combinatorial numbers. We study the eigenvalues of adjacency matrices on graphs to get information about graphs at hand. This has great applications in the so called extremal combinatorics.
We will be studying spectral theory on graphs. This has some interesting combinatorial consequences on graph properties, like the maximum independent set and covering properties. The highlight of this section is Erdos-Ko-Rado theorem and the impossibility of covering K_10 with three copies of the Petersen graph.
In combinatorial geometry we will be studying combinatorial identities and inequalities that relate to point sets and polytopes. For instance, how many points in R^d can you find such that the distance between any two of them is one of two given real numbers? We will find bounds for these quantities using linear algebra.
Finally, we will be concluding the course with some polynomial constructions, applications of Chevalier - Warning theorem and the combinatorial Nullstellensatz. We will use these to prove that some graphs contain a three-regular graph, and to estimate the list-colouring number of a graph.
We will be following Linear algebra methods in combinatorics, by László Babai and Péter Frankl as well as a lecture series from 2015 from Benny Sudakov.
Sylabus
Extremal combinatorics
Oddtown and clubs
Nonuniform Fisher's inequality
Ramsey graphs
The chromatic number of R^n
Spectral theory on graphs
Basic definition and examples of some graphs
Decomposing K_10 into Petersen graphs
Hoffman bound
Erdos-Ko-Rado theorem
Sensitivity conjecture
Combinatorial geometry
Sylvester theorem
Kakeya problem
Joint's theorem
2 distance sets
Cutting polytopes into smaller pieces (Borsuk's conjecture)
Helly, Radon, Caratheodory and Tveberg's theorem
Colorful Caratheodory's theorem
Combinatorial nullstellensatz
Chevalier-Warning
Cauchy-Davenport theorem
List-Colourings
Practice material
Assignment 4 - In the lecture notes
Prerequisites
Linear algebra, algebra (determinants, eigenvalues).
Abstract algebra or module arithmetic
Bibliography
Linear algebra methods in combinatorics, by László Babai and Péter Frankl, Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, 2022.
Combinatorics of finite sets, by Ian Anderson, Oxford University Press, 1987.
Combinatorics, by Bála Bollobás, Cambridge University Press 1986