The Impact of Climate Change on the River Jordan –Lake Kinneret (Israel) Ecosystem

Moshe Gophen, MIGAL-Galilee Scientific Research Institute, Israel

ABSTRACT

The long-term record of River Jordan-Lake Kinneret ecosystem indicates some significant climate condition changes: water temperature increase, decline in rainfall, and diminishing river discharges and lake water inflows accompanied by a reduction in nitrogen and a slight increase in phosphorus in the Lake upper layers (Epilimnion). Lake Water level decreased, Prolongation of Residence Time was documented, nutrient inputs and dynamics modifications resulting water quality deterioration. As a result of temperature elevation and nitrogen deficiency, the biomass of Peridinium spp significantly reduced and was replaced by Cyanobacterial biomass enhancement. Dryness trend expressed as enhanced frequency of drought seasons initiated an elevation of lake water salinity. It has been suggested that these changes in the phytoplankton community structure are caused by regional climate change. This study evaluates a multi-annual respective approach although seasons the summer are the most critical. The objective of this research is evaluate the background of the ecosystem structure modification aimed at define future potential management design.

KEYWORDS

Kinneret, Watershed, Climate Change, Nutrients, Hydrology, Phytoplankton.

Creeping flow around a spherical particle covered by semipermeable shell in presence of magnetic field

R. P. Namdeo and B. R. Gupta, Department of Mathematics, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology Guna, MP, India

ABSTRACT

This paper presents axis-symmetric Stokes flow of an electrically conducting incompressible viscous fluid through a semipermeable sphere that contains a stationary rigid sphere in presence of uniform magnetic field in transverse direction. Darcy’s law is adopted to describe the flow in semipermeable region and Stokes equation is applied to describe the flow of viscous fluid. The mathematical expression for the flow field is obtained in terms of streams function. At the fluid and permeable interface, the vanishing of tangential component of velocity along with continuity of normal velocity components and pressure are used. The drag force experienced by the composite sphere is evaluated in presence of uniform magnetic field and verified in some limiting cases by comparing with the solution derived in other research papers. It is observed that the drag increases on the sphere by increasing the value of the magnetic field. Also, we noticed that the impermeable sphere experiences high drag in comparison to the permeable sphere.

KEYWORDS

Modified Bessel function, Magnetic field, Drag Force, Hartmann number, Semipermeable sphere