Exam questions
Holders of electric charge, mass, lifetime, size. antiparticle.
Radial distribution charge of protons and neutrons. Quarks.
Amperage, surface density of current: definition and dimension. Electric charge properties. The linear, surface and volume density of the distribution charges. The law of conservation of charge in integral and differential forms (output).
Determination of operations rot i div. Theorem Ostrogradskiy - Gauss, Stokes.
Coulomb's law, the wording in the SI, integral formulation, domain of applicability, the form of carriers, the distance between carriers.
Long-range and short- range theory. Determination of the electrostatic field.
Tension: local formulation, formula for a point charge, a graphical representation, the dimension, the principle of superposition (domain of applicability). Power lines electrostatic field.
Gauss theorem for E: integral and differential formulation (output), cases of discrete and continuous charge distribution.
The electric field intensity: infinite charged filament,charged infinite plane, charged plane capacitor, charged sphere.
Ferroelectrics: the domains relative permittivity; P = f (E); hysteresis, residual polarization, coercive force, Curie point.
Conservatism and the centrality of Coulomb forces. Integral and differential form conditions potentiality electrostatic field.
Potential: local formulation, formula for a point charge, the dimension, the principle of superposition, work with moving charge, relationship to the intensity, equipotent surface features explanations electrostatic field near sharp edges of the surface. Mechanisms of appearance of Earthʼs charges, atmospheric electricity.
The electricity intensity: conductor, capacitor, spherical conductor, serial and parallel connection of capacitors dimension.
Dielectrics: a comparison with the conductors, polar and nonpolar molecules orientation and deformation polarization in an external electric field associated charges, polarizability, polarization, dielectric susceptibility tensor.
Communication between the polarization of the surface and volume density of bound charge (output).
The vector of electric displacement: determination, Gauss theorem in integral and differential formulations (output), the relationship of tension for isotropic dielectric.
Boundary conditions for intensity and electric displacement refractive power lines electric displacement vector. Comparative description of the electric field using field lines vectors Е and D.
The Kirchhoff rules: I, II, node, rules marks, the maximum number of independent equations.
The magnetic field, parallel and antiparallel interaction currents experience Oersted, power lines.
The magnetic field induction: graphical representation, the principle of superposition, dimension. Comparison of main and auxiliary characteristics of electric and magnetic fields.
Induction single moving charge. The Law of Biot - Savart - Laplace.
The magnetic field of an infinite rectilinear current (output).
Lorentz force and Ampere force.
The frame of the current in the magnetic field: mechanical moment, work on rotation, mechanical energy, magnetic moment behavior in inhomogeneous magnetic fields.
The magnetic field induction of a circular contour with current (output).
Work with current moving in a magnetic field (output). Integral and differential formulation Gauss theorem for magnetic fields (output).
The formulation of integral and differential terms of solenoid magnetic field (output). Solenoid: definition, the magnetic field induction (output).
The magnetic moment. Magnetization. The magnetic susceptibility. Relative magnetic permeability.
The border of magnets section, the conditions on the induction vector of the magnetic field, conditions on the tension vector of the magnetic field, the refractive of the power lines of the magnetic field.
The molar magnetic susceptibility. Classification of magnets.
Diamagnetism nature (detailed explanation). Larmor frequency.
The structure of the magnetic field of a ferromagnet (cases of presence and absence of an external magnetic field). Hysteresis loop: display in curve shape molar magnetic susceptibility of an external magnetic field, the residual magnetization, coercive force, hard and soft ferromagnets. Curie point.
The phenomena of electromagnetic induction and self-induction: definition, mathematical account of relevant laws (output for differential and integral formulations), magnetic flux linkage, inductance, Lenz's Law. Long solenoid inductance.
Energy and volumetric energy density for electric and magnetic components of an electromagnetic field.
Bias current. Expression bias current through the electric displacement vector.
Maxwell's equations, differential formulation integral formulation, physical meaning. boundary equation.
Maxwell's equations in differential formulation for the case of the vacuum. The wave equation (output). Expression of the speed of light in vacuum and in the environment due to the characteristics of the electromagnetic field. D'Alembert operator.
Presentation of the wave equation solutions as a combination of direct and reverse waves (output for flat wavefront, the concept for a spherical wave front).
Integrated presentation of solutions of the wave equation for electromagnetic waves. The transverse property electromagnetic wave. The wave vector, wave number. The relationship of the wave vector of the electric field vector and the vector magnetic field.
The relationship between the rate of distribution and characteristics of components (electric field and magnetic field) of the electromagnetic field.
Poynting vector (detailed explanation).
Photometry: density energy flow, density of luminous flux, the power of light, light from a point source, luminosity, brightness, Lambert law, basic photometric values dimension.
The scale of electromagnetic waves, the characteristics of the respective ranges. The causes of vision: ultraviolet absorption spectrum, signal to noise ratio for the infrared spectrum.
The electromagnetic wave falling at the interface of two optical media: the condition on the electric field, complex form of these conditions, the condition of the frequency of electromagnetic waves, the law of reflection, refraction law.
The laws of geometric optics: the wording, domain of applicability. Total internal reflection.
Interference: formulation; intensity observed at the coherent superposition of waves; interference term.
Methods of obtaining coherent waves. Geometric and optical path difference. Terms of interference maximum and minimum interference (output).
Experience of Young: coordinates of the maxima and minima of intensity (output); the distance between the interference fringes (output); width interference fringes (output).
Coherence: definition, approaches the frequency and phase, coherence time, coherence length, radius coherence, coherence volume, frequency dependence of the intensity of the light wave (output), the relationship of the length of Zug and effective frequency range Fourier spectrum, the number of the limit of the interference fringes (output).
Diffraction: determining a comparison with the interference. Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction. Fresnel zone: the definition area of the zone (output), the radius of the zone (output). Diffraction by a circular aperture and disc. Diffraction of a plane wave at the output of half-a plane, the output of the mathematical expression for the width of the Fresnel zone. Cornu Spiral: parametric description, length.
Fraunhofer diffraction at a slit: diffraction peak intensity, conditions of maximum and minimum.
The output of the mathematical expression for the parameter that characterizes the type of diffraction. Description of the diffraction pattern in the normal pass of light in the slot: Fresnel diffraction, Fraunhofer diffraction, case of the geometrical optics.
The diffraction grating: the diffraction pattern, the conditions of diffraction minima and maxima.
X-ray diffraction on crystals. Wulff - Bragg formula.
The ratio of the components in the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave for flat, circular and elliptical polarization. The plane of oscillation of the electromagnetic wave and the plane of polarization. The degree of polarization. The polarizer and analyzer. Law of Malus.