Alberto L. Teixido - PhD - Spain

Galicia:

Fragas do Eume Natural Park: valleys with Quercus robur and Laurus nobilis; riparian forests with Alnus glutinosa and Corylus avellana.
Fervenza do Belelle (left) and Hayedo de Fonteformosa (Serra do Caurel; right), the westernmost European beech forest, with Fagus sylvatica and Ilex aquifolium during the fall.
Mediterranean-Atlantic mixed forests in Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés Natural Park.
Peneda-Gerês (northern Portugal): Lacerta shreiberi and forests with Portuguese laurel (Prunus lusitanica).

Asturias:

Bosque de Muniellos: Atlantic-montane mixed deciduous forests (Fagus sylvatica, Betula alba, Sorbus aucuparia, Quercus petraea) and Lacerta monticola.
Jou de los Cabrones (Picos de Europa National Park).
Route Cangas de Onís - Las Arenas de Cabrales.
Desfiladero de los Beyos - Río Sella.

Cantabria:

Calcareous "cuetos" with Quercus ilex, Q. robur, Castanea sativa, Arbutus unedo and Laurus nobilis.
Isla - Noja cost region.

Navarra:

Selva de Irati: Eurosiberian mixed deciduos forests and monospecific forest of Fagus sylvatica.
Selva de Aztaparreta during the fall: Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris and Abies alba.
Within the forest (Aztaparreta): Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba.
Carpinus betulus in the Latza River, only Spanish native population of this European species.
Karst de Larra with Pinus uncinata and Foz de Arbayún.
Steppe landscape in Bárdenas Reales.

Aragón:

Black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii) and martagon lily (Lilium martagon) in Benasque (Pyrenees).
Pinus uncinata and ascent to Salvaguardia (2,736 m) in Posets-Maladeta Natural Park (Pyrenees).

Cataluña:

Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ilex) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea) (Montseny National Park).
Beech forest with Juniperus communis and Buxus sempervirens (Montseny National Park) and La Garrocha with Pyrenees mountains.

Murcia:

Mediterranean forests with Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) in Sierra Espuña Natural Park.
Periploca angustifolia and Tetraclinis articulata (Monte de las Cenizas).

Andalucía:

Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas National Park and the endemic violet Viola cazorlensis.
Desierto de las Tabernas Natural Park and the salt tolerant shrub Atriplex glauca.
Common myrtle (Myrtus communis) and Psilotum nudum, only occurrence area in Europe of this Pantropical fern (Montera del Torero, Los Alcornocales Natural Park - Photos: Helios Sainz Ollero).
Cork oak (Quercus suber) and midland howthorn (Crataegus laevigata) in Los Alcornocales Natural Park.
Quercus canariensis and Quercus lusitanica (with Erica arborea and E. australis blossoms) in Los Alcornocales National Park.
Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park: Spanish fir (Abies pinsapo) with Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea).

Islas Canarias:

Laurel subtropical forest (laurisilva) with Laurus azorica and the Ibero-Macaronesian fern Woodwardia radicans in Anaga.
Tabaibal-cardonal on volcanic rocks in Malpaís de Güimar: cardón (Euphorbia canariensis), sea rosemary (Campylanthus salsoloides) and tabaiba (Euphorbia balsamifera).
The endemic palm Phoenix canariensis in Barranco de Mesca; sunset over the Atlantic Ocean in Punta de Teno.
The endemic Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis) in the ascent to the El Teide volcano (3,718 m).
El Teide, Spain's highest peak, with lava flows.

Extremadura:

Wild cherry (Prunus avium) in blossom during the winter in Valle del Jerte.
Mediterranean forests and flowering and fruiting of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) in Monfragüe National Park.
Mediterranean forests in Garganta de los Infiernos.
Portugal laurel (Prunus lusitanica) relictic forest in Sierra de Guadalupe.

Castilla-La Mancha:

Black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii) forest in Hoz de Beteta.
Hoz de Beteta: Fuente de los Tilos and a centennial large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos).

Castilla y León:

Small relict population of Portugal laurel (Prunus lusitanica) in Garganta de Santa María (Candeleda).
Mediterranean mixed forests with Atlantic influence in Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia Natural Park, with the subespecies Quercur robur subsp. estremadurensis, one of the southernmost populations of the common oak.
Hayedo de la Pedrosa (Puerto de la Quesera, Riaza) during the fall, one of the southernmost beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests in Europe, with Arctostaphylos uva-ursi during the spring.
Ancient yews (Taxus baccata) in Tejeda de Tosande.
Spanish juniper (Juniperus thurifera) in Sabinar de Calatañazor.

Comunidad de Madrid:

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest during the winter snows in Puerto de Cotos (Sierra de Guadarrama).
Cuerda Larga (Sierra de Guadarrama) with Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica).
Abedular de Somosierra (Puerto de Somosierra): European white birch (Betula alba) forest and common holly (Ilex aquifolium).
Gypsum outcrops and gypsicolous flora (gypsophytes) of the semiarid southeastern area of Madrid; Helianthemum squamatum.
Typical Mediterranean evergreen-sclerophyllous forest and shrubland, with riparian forest, occurring on a mixture of acidic and calcareous soils in Azud del Mesto (Guadalix River, San Agustín de Guadalix):
1. Riparian forest with Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus angustifolia, Salix alba and Ulmus minor; valleys with Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (=Quercus rotundifolia), dotted with several individuals of Quercus faginea (northern slope) and Quercus coccifera (southern slope).
2. European or black alder (Alnus glutinosa) and Montpellier maple (Acer monspessulanum).
3. Cistus albidus and C. ladanifer.
4. Lavandula stoechas and Tamus communis.
5. Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris.

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