WSN ( Wireless Sensor networks)

RANGE

• center meters  -->   Bar code, QR Code, Passive RFID, NFC

• ~30 meters -->  Active RFID, Zigbee, BLE, Thread  ( Matter), 

•                             Wi-Fi, Low-power Wi-Fi

• ~ 2KM --> Halow, Lora , DECT-2020 NR

• ~ 10KM  --> Sigfox, LTE-M, NB-IoT

Special Topics

•  Support IP networks

  •  Protocol encapsulate, example 6lowpan 

 https://www2.ubin.jp/en/research-development/edge-node/6lowpan/

• • Gateway as a protocol converter

https://medium.com/coinmonks/lpwan-lora-lorawan-and-the-internet-of-things-aed7d5975d5d

•  Mesh Networks

  •     BLE MESH

  •     Zigbee --> Thread

  •     Wi-Fi Mesh

•  Support Positioning

  •     Precision Level meters:  RSSI Based( BLE 4.0, Zigbee, Wi-Fi) 

  •     Precision Level center meters: AoA, AoD ( BLE 5.1), ToF ( UWB)

PlayGround 

• BLE:  range, Bandwidth, power consumption, topology, IP networks, location awareness

Download LightBlue from the App stores on your Cell phone.

Observe:   device name, RSSI, Connect...

Technology Background

Introduction to NFC

• https://www.mouser.com/applications/rfid-nfc-introduction/