SQL

Key Components of SQL:

• Data Definition Language (DDL): Used to create, modify, and delete database structures like tables, indexes, and views.

• Data Manipulation Language (DML): Used to insert, update, delete, and retrieve data from tables.

• Data Control Language (DCL): Used to manage user access and permissions.

Advanced SQL Concepts:

• Joins: Combining data from multiple tables based on related columns.

• Subqueries: Nested SELECT statements within other SELECT statements.

• Aggregates: Functions like SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, and MAX to perform calculations on groups of data.

• Views: Virtual tables that provide a different perspective on the underlying data.

• Stored Procedures: Predefined sets of SQL statements that can be executed as a single unit.

Common Database Management Systems (DBMS):

• MySQL: A popular open-source relational database management system.

• PostgreSQL: Another open-source relational DBMS known for its advanced features.

• Oracle Database: A commercial relational DBMS widely used in enterprise environments.

• Microsoft SQL Server: A commercial relational DBMS from Microsoft.

SQL is a fundamental skill for anyone working with databases, whether as a developer, data analyst, or database administrator. Understanding SQL allows you to effectively manage, query, and analyze data.