Council Issues

General Assembly Councils: 

1) General Assembly (GA): 

- Day 1 (Past): The Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic Bombings: Lessons from the Nuclear Era 

Description: On Day 1, the General Assembly council will delve into the historical significance of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings, which occurred during World War II. Delegates will examine the devastating impact of these bombings on the cities and their populations, reflecting on the immense loss of life and the long-term consequences of nuclear warfare. The discussion will focus on understanding the historical context, the motivations behind the bombings, and the lessons learned from this dark chapter in human history. 

- Day 2 (Future): Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation: Ensuring a Safer World 

Description: Building upon the historical understanding gained on Day 1, Day 2 of the General Assembly council will shift its attention towards the future. Delegates will explore the crucial topics of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, emphasizing the importance of collective efforts to create a safer world. Discussions will revolve around strategies to reduce and eliminate nuclear weapons, strengthen international agreements such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Delegates will deliberate on the role of diplomacy, disarmament treaties, and multilateral cooperation in achieving a world free from the threat of nuclear weapons. The aim will be to foster a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in order to ensure global security and peace. 

2) World Health Organization (WHO): 

- Day 1 (Past): The Spanish Flu: Global Pandemic 

Description: On Day 1, the World Health Organization council will engage in a thought-provoking discussion surrounding the historical event of the Spanish Flu, a devastating global pandemic that occurred from 1918 to 1920. Delegates will explore various controversial perspectives related to the origins, spread, and impact of the Spanish Flu. The conversation will delve into debates surrounding the effectiveness of mitigation measures taken at the time, such as quarantine and public health interventions. Participants will critically analyze the social and economic consequences of the pandemic, as well as the role of healthcare systems and governmental responses. The aim is to foster a deeper understanding of the complexities and controversies surrounding the Spanish Flu, enabling a more nuanced approach to future pandemic preparedness and response. 

- Day 2 (Future): Pandemic Preparedness and Response: Strengthening Global Health Systems 

Description: Building upon the debatable historical context of the Spanish Flu discussed on Day 1, Day 2 of the World Health Organization Council will delve into the complex and contentious issue of pandemic preparedness and response. Delegates will engage in spirited debates surrounding the balance between strengthening global health systems and addressing societal needs during a pandemic. Discussions will explore various viewpoints on issues such as resource allocation, ethical considerations, and the role of international cooperation. Participants will critically assess the effectiveness of different strategies, including early warning systems, surveillance, vaccine distribution, and public health interventions. The aim is to foster a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and trade-offs involved in pandemic preparedness and response, with the goal of developing more robust and equitable approaches to safeguarding global health. 

3) United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC): 

- Day 1 (Past): The Apartheid Era: Struggles for Equality and Justice 

Description: On Day 1, the United Nations Human Rights Council will delve into the historical period known as the Apartheid Era, focusing on the struggles for equality and justice. Delegates will examine the system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that existed in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. The discussion will explore the human rights violations perpetrated during this era, including restrictions on freedom of movement, education, and political participation. Participants will analyze the role of international activism, sanctions, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in dismantling apartheid and promoting justice and reconciliation. 

- Day 2 (Future): Combating Discrimination and Promoting Inclusive Societies 

Description: Building upon the historical understanding gained on Day 1, Day 2 of the United Nations Human Rights Council will focus on the future. Delegates will engage in discussions centered around combating discrimination and promoting inclusive societies. The conversation will revolve around strategies to address various forms of discrimination, such as racial, ethnic, gender, and religious discrimination. Participants will explore ways to ensure equal access to education, healthcare, employment, and justice for all individuals. The aim is to develop policies and initiatives that foster inclusive societies, embrace diversity, and uphold human rights for every individual, regardless of their background or identity. Delegates will discuss approaches to raising awareness, promoting tolerance, and creating legal frameworks that protect against discrimination, thus working towards a more equitable and inclusive world. 

4) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): 

- Day 1 (Past): Ancient Civilizations: Preserving Cultural Heritage 

Description: On Day 1, the UNESCO council will focus on the preservation of cultural heritage from ancient civilizations. Delegates will explore the importance of safeguarding and preserving the cultural heritage of past civilizations, including archaeological sites, artifacts, and intangible cultural practices. The discussion will delve into the challenges faced in preserving ancient cultural heritage, such as natural deterioration, looting, and the impact of modern development. Participants will examine the role of UNESCO and other organizations in documenting, conserving, and promoting awareness of ancient civilizations to ensure their legacy is protected for future generations.

- Day 2 (Future): Cultural Preservation in the Digital Age: Balancing Access and Protection 

Description: Building upon the preservation of ancient civilizations discussed on Day 1, Day 2 of the UNESCO council will shift its focus to the challenges and opportunities of cultural preservation in the digital age. Delegates will deliberate on the balance between providing access to cultural heritage through digital platforms and protecting it from risks such as unauthorized reproduction, exploitation, and misrepresentation. The discussion will explore innovative approaches and technological advancements in digitizing and preserving cultural artifacts, languages, and traditions. Participants will address ethical considerations, intellectual property rights, and the importance of inclusive and culturally sensitive representation in the digital realm. The aim is to develop strategies and guidelines that ensure the responsible use of digital technologies in preserving and promoting cultural heritage while respecting the rights and values of communities and protecting against potential harm or misappropriation. 

5) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): 

- Day 1 (Past): Industrial Pollution and Environmental Regulations: Lessons from the Bhopal Gas Tragedy 

Description: On Day 1, the United Nations Environment Programme Council will focus on the historical event of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and the lessons learned regarding industrial pollution and environmental regulations. Delegates will examine the causes, impacts, and aftermath of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy that occurred in 1984, when a chemical plant released toxic gases, resulting in thousands of deaths and long-term environmental consequences. The discussion will delve into regulatory failures, corporate responsibility, and the subsequent developments in environmental regulations and industrial safety measures. Participants will analyze the global implications of the tragedy and the progress made in preventing similar incidents in the future. 

- Day 2 (Future): Sustainable Urbanization: Shifting Towards a Circular Economy 

Description: The council will engage in a dynamic debate focused on the topic of sustainable urbanization, exploring different approaches to achieving sustainable and resilient cities. Delegates will examine the challenges and opportunities associated with balancing urban development with environmental sustainability, with a particular emphasis on integrated urban planning, sustainable transportation systems, green infrastructure, and access to clean water and sanitation. 

6) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): 

- Day 1 (Past): The Refugee Crisis after World War II: Protecting and Assisting Displaced People 

Description: On Day 1, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) will focus on the historical event of the refugee crisis after World War II and the efforts to protect and assist displaced people. Delegates will examine the causes and consequences of mass displacement during and after the war, including the displacement of millions of people and

the establishment of refugee camps. The discussion will delve into the challenges faced by refugees, their rights and protection needs, and the role of the international community in providing humanitarian assistance and durable solutions. Participants will critically analyze the lessons learned from the post-war refugee crisis and the development of international frameworks and policies for refugee protection. 

- Day 2 (Future): Advocacy and Awareness: Discussing behind the scenes of being a refugee. 

Description: Building upon the historical understanding gained on Day 1, Day 2 of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) will shift its focus to the future of advocacy and awareness regarding refugees. Delegates will engage in discussions centered around challenging misconceptions and stereotypes about refugees and promoting positive narratives that highlight their contributions and resilience. The conversation will explore strategies to launch public awareness campaigns, utilize media platforms, and engage with communities to foster understanding and empathy toward refugees. Participants will address the importance of addressing the root causes of displacement, promoting integration and inclusion, and advocating for the rights of refugees. The aim is to develop actionable plans and initiatives that promote a more inclusive and compassionate approach towards refugees, dispel misconceptions, and highlight the potential and value of refugees as valuable members of society. 

7) United Nations Women (UN Women): 

- Day 1 (Past): Women's Suffrage Movement during the Victorian Era: Striving for Gender Equality 

Description: On Day 1, UN Women will focus on the historical event of the women's suffrage movement during the Victorian Era and the efforts to achieve gender equality. Delegates will examine the struggles and achievements of women in their fight for the right to vote and broader gender equality during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The discussion will delve into the social, political, and cultural factors that influenced the suffrage movement, the strategies employed by suffragettes, and the impact of their activism on women's rights globally. Participants will critically analyze the lessons learned from the suffrage movement and its significance in advancing gender equality. 

- Day 2 (Future): Empowering Women in the Digital Era: Closing the Gender Digital Divide 

Description: Building upon the historical understanding gained on Day 1, Day 2 of UN Women will shift its focus to the future of empowering women in the digital era and closing the gender digital divide. Delegates will engage in discussions centered around the challenges and opportunities that arise from women's participation in the digital world. The conversation will explore strategies to ensure equal access to digital technologies, promote digital literacy and skills development among women and girls, and address the barriers that hinder their full participation in the digital economy. Participants will also discuss the

importance of fostering inclusive digital spaces, combating online harassment and violence against women, and leveraging technology for gender equality and women's empowerment. The aim is to develop actionable plans and initiatives that advance women's rights and opportunities in the digital era, promoting their full and equal participation in the digital society. 

8) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): 

- Day 1 (Past): The Industrial Revolution: Transforming Societies and Economies 

Description: On Day 1, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) will focus on the historical event of the Industrial Revolution and its transformative impact on societies and economies. Delegates will examine the profound changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, including advancements in manufacturing, transportation, and technology. The discussion will delve into the social, economic, and environmental consequences of industrialization, including the rise of urbanization, labor rights movements, and the exploitation of natural resources. Participants will critically analyze the lessons learned from the Industrial Revolution and its relevance to current development challenges, such as sustainable industrialization, job creation, and equitable economic growth. 

- Day 2 (Future): Sustainable Development and Technological Innovation Using AI : Shaping Tomorrow's World 

Description: Building upon the historical understanding gained on Day 1, Day 2 of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) will shift its focus to the future of sustainable development and technological innovation, with a particular emphasis on the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Delegates will engage in discussions centered around harnessing the potential of AI to drive sustainable development and shape tomorrow's world. The conversation will explore the opportunities and challenges that arise from the use of AI in various sectors, including healthcare, education, agriculture, and climate change mitigation. Participants will discuss strategies to ensure that technological innovation, including AI, is aligned with the principles of sustainability, inclusivity, and human rights. The aim is to develop actionable plans and initiatives that leverage AI and other emerging technologies to address complex development challenges, foster economic and social progress, and promote environmental sustainability. 

Specialized Councils: 

9) United Nations Security Council (UNSC): 

- Day 1 (Past): The Berlin Wall: Divisions and Reunification 

Description: On Day 1, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) will focus on the historical event of the Berlin Wall and the divisions it created, as well as the subsequent

reunification of Germany. Delegates will examine the origins and consequences of the Berlin Wall, including its impact on international relations, human rights, and global security. The discussion will delve into the efforts made by the international community to address the division, promote dialogue, and support the reunification process. Participants will critically analyze the lessons learned from this historic event and its significance in shaping the principles of peace, security, and cooperation among nations. 

- Day 2 (Future): Humanitarian Crises and Protection of Civilians: United for civilians 

Description: Building upon the historical understanding gained on Day 1, Day 2 of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) will shift its focus to the future of addressing humanitarian crises and the protection of civilians. Delegates will engage in discussions centered around the urgent need to protect civilians in times of conflict and humanitarian emergencies. The conversation will explore strategies to prevent and respond to humanitarian crises, including those caused by armed conflicts, natural disasters, and other complex emergencies. Participants will discuss the importance of upholding international humanitarian law, promoting humanitarian access, and ensuring the safety and well-being of civilians, including women, children, and vulnerable populations. The aim is to develop actionable plans and initiatives that strengthen the role of the UNSC in protecting civilians, promoting peace, and addressing the root causes of humanitarian crises around the world. 

10) International Criminal Court (ICC) 

- Day 1(past): New York Times Co. v. United States funny

Description: The Pentagon Papers case, formally known as the New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), represents a seminal moment in the ongoing debate between national security interests and the fundamental principles of press freedom. The case centered around the leaked Pentagon Papers, a classified government study revealing controversial aspects of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. The New York Times, among other newspapers, published articles based on the leaked documents, prompting the Nixon administration to seek a restraining order to halt further publication. The case ultimately reached the Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of The New York Times, underscoring the crucial role of a free press in a democratic society. Advocates of press freedom argue that the ruling upholds the public's right to access information, promotes government accountability, and safeguards the First Amendment. 

Conversely, proponents of national security assert that certain disclosures may jeopardize sensitive operations, hinder diplomatic efforts, and potentially compromise the safety of citizens and military personnel. Balancing these competing interests remains a complex challenge for policymakers, highlighting the ongoing need to strike an appropriate balance between national security concerns and the imperative of a free press. Participants will present arguments, call witnesses, and analyze the available evidence to construct their case and retry the case at the ICC and see what outcome will be reached this time.

- Day 2 (future): Jonny Depp vs. Amber heard. 

Description: On Day 2, the mock trial will simulate a legal case involving the high-profile dispute between Johnny Depp and Amber Heard. Participants will take on the roles of the legal teams representing each party and engage in a simulated trial to examine the allegations, evidence, and legal arguments presented by both sides. The trial may explore issues such as domestic violence, defamation, and the credibility of witnesses. Participants will present their arguments, cross-examine witnesses, and analyze the available evidence to construct their case.

11) International Press Committee: 

- Day 1 (Past): Press Freedom and Government Censorship: 

Description: On Day 1, the International Press Committee (IPC) will focus on the historical instances where governments have sought to restrict press freedom and control media narratives. Delegates will engage in discussions about the imprisonment of journalists, internet censorship, shutdown of media outlets, and other forms of government interference that hinder press freedom. The conversation will center on the IPC's response to such situations and the protection of journalists' rights. Participants will explore strategies to advocate for press freedom, combat censorship, and support journalists who face threats and persecution. The aim is to raise awareness about the importance of a free and independent press in democratic societies and identify measures to safeguard journalists' rights. 

- Day 2 (Future): The Future of Journalism Under a Monopolized Industry. 

Description: Building upon the past understanding gained on Day 1, Day 2 of the International Press Committee (IPC) will shift its focus to the future of journalism in the context of a monopolized industry. Delegates will engage in discussions centered around the challenges posed by media consolidation, corporate ownership, and the concentration of power in the hands of a few media conglomerates. The conversation will explore the implications of these trends on press freedom, diversity of voices, and the quality of journalism. Participants will discuss potential strategies and solutions to promote media pluralism, support independent journalism, and ensure the public's access to diverse and reliable sources of information. The aim is to develop actionable plans and initiatives that foster a vibrant and democratic media landscape in the face of monopolization. 

12) INTERPOL: 

- Day 1 (Past): From trauma to violence: (Is mental illness or past trauma a valid excuse for violent crimes?) 

Description: On Day 1, INTERPOL will focus on the topic of whether mental illness or past trauma can be considered a valid excuse for violent crimes. Delegates will engage in discussions surrounding the complex relationship between mental health, trauma, and criminal behavior. The conversation will explore various perspectives on the extent to which mental illness or past trauma should mitigate culpability in cases of violent crimes. Participants will critically analyze the legal and ethical considerations involved, evaluate the role of mental health assessments in criminal cases, and discuss potential approaches to addressing the needs of individuals with mental health issues or trauma histories within the criminal justice system.

- Day 2 (Future): Money laundering and corruption: Interpol could address the global challenges posed by money laundering and corruption by promoting cooperation among member states, sharing best practices, and assisting in asset recovery. 

Description: Building upon the understanding gained on Day 1, Day 2 of INTERPOL will shift its focus to the global challenges posed by money laundering and corruption. Delegates will engage in discussions centered around the role of INTERPOL in addressing these issues by promoting cooperation among member states, sharing best practices, and assisting in asset 

recovery. The conversation will explore strategies to enhance international cooperation in combating money laundering and corruption, including the use of advanced technologies, data sharing, and capacity building. Participants will discuss the importance of robust legal 

frameworks, financial intelligence, and law enforcement collaboration to effectively tackle these transnational crimes. The aim is to develop actionable plans and initiatives that strengthen INTERPOL's role in combating money laundering and corruption, thereby contributing to global security and the rule of law. 

13) Arab League: 

اليوم الأول (الماضي): اكتشاف سبب انفجار مرفأ بيروت: هل كان مخططًا أم عرضيًا؟ 

الوصف: في اليوم الأول، سيركز المجلس العربي على الحدث التاريخي لانفجار ميناء بيروت. سيشارك المندوبون في مناقشات لتقصي ما إذا كان الانفجار نتيجة إهمال وظروف عرضية أم كان وراءه نية مخطط لها. ستستكشف المحادثة العوامل المختلفة التي أدت إلى الانفجار، بما في ذلك تخزين نترات الأمونيوم، وقواعد السلامة، وأعمال التخريب أو الإرهاب المحتملة. سيقوم المشاركون بالتحليل النقدي للأدلة المتاحة وآراء الخبراء وتقارير التحقيق لتقديم وجهات نظرهم حول سبب الانفجار ونيته. الهدف هو الحصول على فهم أعمق للحدث وتأثيراته على تدابير السلامة والأمن في المنطقة.

اليوم الثاني (المستقبل): تعزيز السلامة والاستعداد في أعقاب انفجار مرفأ بيروت.

الوصف: بناءً على الفهم المكتسب في اليوم الأول، سينقل اليوم الثاني للمجلس العربي تركيزه إلى مستقبل السلامة والاستعداد في

 أعقاب انفجار ميناء بيروت. سيشارك المندوبون في مناقشات تركز على استراتيجيات منع وقوع حوادث مماثلة وتعزيز قدرات الاستجابة الطارئة. ستستكشف المحادثة تدابير تحسين قواعد السلامة، وتعزيز مرونة البنية التحتية، وضمان التنسيق الفعال بين السلطات المعنية. سيناقش المشاركون أهمية التعاون الدولي وتبادل أفضل الممارسات وتقديم الدعم للمجتمعات المتضررة. الهدف هو وضع خطط ومبادرات قابلة للتنفيذ تعزز السلامة والاستعداد للكوارث والقدرة على الصمود في مواجهة الحوادث المستقبلية المحتملة.

14) International Court of Justice (ICJ): 

Day 1 (Past): The Nuremberg Trials: Accountability for War Crimes 

Description: On Day 1, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) will focus on the historical event of the Nuremberg Trials and the establishment of accountability for war crimes. Delegates will examine the legal and ethical implications of the trials held after World War II, where individuals responsible for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide were prosecuted. The discussion will delve into the significance of the Nuremberg Trials in shaping international criminal law, establishing principles of individual responsibility, and deterring future atrocities. Participants will critically analyze the challenges faced in delivering justice and the lessons learned in holding individuals accountable for grave violations of international law. 

Day 2 (Future): Combating Impunity: Strengthening International Justice Mechanisms 

Description: Building upon the historical understanding gained on Day 1, Day 2 of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) will shift its focus to the future of combating impunity and strengthening international justice mechanisms. Delegates will engage in discussions centered around enhancing the effectiveness and accessibility of international justice systems, including the ICJ and other international tribunals. The conversation will explore strategies to improve cooperation among states, ensure the enforcement of international judgments, and enhance the capacity of national legal systems to prosecute international crimes. Participants will also address emerging challenges such as addressing the accountability of state leaders, addressing crimes committed in non-international conflicts, and promoting transitional justice processes. The aim is to develop comprehensive

approaches and recommendations to strengthen international justice mechanisms and ensure accountability for serious international crimes.

15) International Space Station (ISS): 

Day 1 (Past): Air leak and oxygen Elektron oxygen failure of the ISS

Description: On the 2nd of January 2004, a minor leak was detected on board the International Space Station. At a given point five pounds of air per day were leaking into space causing the pressure of the space station to drop. This incident posed significant safety issues for the members on board by affecting the availability of breathable air on board them. Delegates must address immediate safety concerns for the astronauts and suggest plans for managing and avoiding similar incidents in the future. 

Day 2 (Future): The potential explosion of the International Space Station

Description: The International Space Station (ISS) astronauts had received a warning that it would explode in less than 24 hours due to a mechanical malfunction. Engineers only have 9 hours to come up with a sophisticated plan that will save the innocent lives of these astronauts. What can be done in this regard? What action should the engineers take? How can these astronauts be reunited with their loved ones?

16) Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA):

Day1 (Past): Re-exploration of the Nelson Piquet crash

Description: The Formula One Piquet issue, which occurred during the 2008 Singapore Grand Prix, involved Nelson Piquet Jr., a driver for the Renault F1 Team. Piquet Jr. deliberately crashed his car during the race to benefit his teammate, Fernando Alonso. This strategic move caused a safety car period, allowing Alonso, who had just pitted, to gain a significant advantage by pitting again under the safety car conditions and ultimately winning the race. The incident came to light in 2009 when Piquet Jr. revealed the orchestrated crash to the FIA, alleging team management's involvement. The FIA found Renault guilty of race-fixing, resulting in severe penalties for the team, including bans for Flavio Briatore and Pat Symonds. This incident sparked increased scrutiny and stricter regulations in Formula One, making it one of the sport's most significant controversies in recent history. Did PIquet really intentionally crash? Or was this an attempt at getting back his spot at Renault Racing.

Day 2 (Future) : Speculation around the cost cap breach by Red Bull Racing in the 2021 F1 season

Description: Red Bull Racing has allegedly crossed the FIA cost cap by a staggering 1.8 million dollars in 2021. The FIA prosecuted Red Bull Racing in 2023 for exceeding the price cap and was fined $7 million. The lack of reason behind the infraction has led many to believe that the money was put into the championship-winning vehicle, giving them a competitive advantage. Red Bull Racing claims that this money was spent on catering, but speculation has risen amongst other racing teams, therefore the FIA has called for the assembly of randomly selected racing teams to help determine whether Red Bull Racing breached the budget cap to win the title.