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Carotenoids are fascinating compounds that can be converted into many others, including retinoids that also play key roles in many processes. Although carotenoids are largely known in the context of food science, nutrition, and health as natural colorants and precursors of vitamin A (VA), evidence has accumulated that even those that cannot be converted to VA may be involved in health-promoting biological actions. It is not surprising that carotenoids (most notably lutein) are among the bioactives for which the need to establish recommended dietary intakes have been recently discussed. In this review, the importance of carotenoids (including apocarotenoids) and key derivatives (retinoids with VA activity) in agro-food with relevance to health is summarized. Furthermore, the European Network to Advance Carotenoid Research and Applications in Agro-Food and Health (EUROCAROTEN) is introduced. EUROCAROTEN originated from the Ibero-American Network for the Study of Carotenoids as Functional Food Ingredients (IBERCAROT).

Description: Soil from a microbe's perspective-growth, activity and survival strategies; principles governing methods to study microorganisms and biochemical processes in soil; mechanisms controlling organic matter cycling and stabilization with reference to C, N, S, and P; microbial interactions with plants and animals; and agronomic and environmental applications of soil microorganisms.

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Description: Expected of all Agronomy and Horticulture graduate students. Presentation of thesis/dissertation or non-thesis topics in agronomy, horticulture or related subjects. Agronomy and Horticulture PhD students should enroll in this course twice.

Biological and agronomic principles applied to production and management of major feed and forage crops of the northeastern United States. This includes an overview of agronomy in the world and the United States with emphasis in the Northeast region of the country, and downscales to practical aspects such as crop identification, crop physiology, soil water management, tillage and all the interactions that make farming such a complex enterprise for farm operators and society at large. The course spans over many subjects: crop, soil, nutrient, pathogen, insect, and weed management, and emphasizes managing both profitability and environmental integrity.

Study of the relation of plants to their environment and the physiology of crop plant growth. AGRO 410 Physiology of Agricultural Crops (4) AGRO 410 is a course in plant physiology that presents fundamental aspects of plant metabolism and demonstrates how they are affected by environmental conditions such as light, water availability, temperature, and mineral nutrition. It describes how plants use photosynthesis to accumulate and partition biomass and how this contributes to crop productivity. The roles of abiotic stress such as drought and temperature extremes on crop productivity also are discussed. The course objectives are to 1] learn how plants "work" at the molecular, cellular, whole plant and population levels; 2] develop critical thinking skills by planning and conducting experiments related to the course topics and reviewing journal articles; and 3] develop and enhance communication skills through a variety of writing assignments. This course is appropriate for upper level undergraduates or beginning graduate students with interest in plant and agricultural science disciplines including, horticulture, agroecology, plant pathology, ecology, meteorology and entomology; and meshes with courses in these areas. Students will be evaluated by examinations/quizzes, writing assignments and class participation. The course is offered annually and the optimal enrollment is 20 students.

The study of weeds and their management is a challenging and demanding task that requires diverse abilities. The term weed is an anthropocentric construct meaning it is a human colored definition. We will study the biology and ecology of weedy plants drawing on examples from a wide range of plant systems; those systems include agricultural fields (agronomic and horticultural crops) and forests. Of course our knowledge of the biology and ecology of weedy plant populations will then be used to underpin and assess control tactics and their integration. The discipline has a history of equating management with herbicidal control and in fact some 80% of the pesticides used in U.S. agriculture are herbicides. However through novel farmer designed management systems, through a research community focused on alternative methods of management and through increased focus on invasive species, exciting breakthroughs are occurring in alternative methods of management and prevention. This course seeks to introduce you to the breadth of management approaches in use and under study. The specific objectives are for students to describe and identify: 1) the local weed flora, 2) the fundamental aspects of weed biology and ecology relevant to managed landscapes, 3) the control methods used in managing weed populations, 4) how control measures can be integrated to accomplish acceptable levels of pest suppression, 5) operationalizing a weed management plan, 6) how herbicides enter and move to their site of action in plants, 7) classifying herbicides by their site of action, and 8) the distinction between herbicide concentration in soils and plant available herbicide concentration.

The word "agro" (also spelled "aggro"[1]) is Australian slang for "aggression" or "aggravation". Agro is sometimes said to have the surname Vation, though the puppet is rarely credited with a surname.

The Specialty & Agro Chemicals America event is a forum that promotes chemical manufacturing, chemical technologies, and related chemical industry services that have specific applications for the agrochemical and specialty chemical markets.

This 302,319 ha property, in the southern part of central France, is a mountain landscape interspersed by deep valleys that is representative of the relationship between agro-pastoral systems and their biophysical environment, notably through drailles or drove roads. Villages and substantial stone farmhouses on deep terraces of the Causses reflect the organization of large abbeys from the 11th century. Mont Lozre, inside the property, is one of the last places where summer transhumance is still practiced in the traditional way, using the drailles.

The upland landscapes of the Causses have been shaped by agro-pastoralism over three millennia. In the Middle Ages, the development of cities in the surrounding Mediterranean plains, and especially the growth of religious institutions, prompted the evolution of a land structure based on agro-pastoralism, the basis of which is still in place today. Too poor to host cities, too rich to be abandoned, the landscape of Causses and Cvennes are the result of the modification of the natural environment by agro-pastoral systems over a millennium. The Causses and Cvennes demonstrate almost every type of pastoral organisation to be found around the Mediterranean (agro-pastoralism, silvi-pastoralism, transhumance and sedentary pastoralism). The area has by a remarkable vitality as a result of active renewal of the agri-pastoral systems. This area is a major and viable example of Mediterranean agro-pastoralism. Its preservation is necessary to deal with threats from environmental, economic and social issues that such cultural landscapes are facing globally. The Causses and the Cvennes retain numerous testimonies of the evolution over several centuries of its pastoral societies. Their important built heritage, landscape characteristics and intangible associations that reflect traditional pastoralism will be sustained by a contemporary revival of agro-pastoralism.

Criterion (iii): The Causses and the Cvennes, manifest an outstanding example of one type of Mediterranean agro-pastoralism. This cultural tradition, based on distinctive socialstructures and local breeds of sheep, is reflected in the structure of the landscape, especially the patterns of farms, settlements, fields, water management, drailles and open grazed common land and what it reveals of the way this has evolved, in particular since the 12th century.The agro-pastoral tradition is still living and has been revitalisedin recent decades.

Criterion (v): The Causses and the Cvennes can be seen as an exemplar of Mediterranean agropastoralism and specifically to represent a response common to the south-west of Europe. The landscape areas manifest exceptional responses to the way the system has developed over time and particularly over the past millennia.

The key structures of the landscape: buildings, terraces, walls and watercourses retain a high degree of authenticity in terms of their built fabric, but many particularly the terraces need conservation. Less of these are now within the nominated area of the Cvennes. As for the authenticity of the agro-pastoral processes that shaped the landscape, these processes are surviving, and although vulnerable and in the hands of very fewfarmers (no more than 100), they are subject to a renaissance thanks to the combined action of local and national authorities and local communities.

The property has a Management Plan supported by the key stakeholders. There is huge involvement and support of the local farming communities in sustaining the agro-pastoral landscape. A Strategy for 2007-2013 addresses key themes related to improving and sharing knowledge, promoting an understanding of the living landscape and encouraging the participation of all the key players. The Strategy includes completing an atlas of the landscape, drawing up an inventory of attributes of the landscape; developing knowledge of the landscape; acquiring a common language for the landscape; developing a decision-making tool for the restoration and the management of the landscapes; and identifying emblematic sites of the cultural landscape. Implementation of the Strategy is urgently needed to underpin the whole rationale for identification, protection and management of the agro-pastoral landscape. e24fc04721