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Botanical name :- triticum aestivum
Family :- Poaceae
Wheat ranks 1st in the world among cereal both in area & production.
Wheat is world's staple food & india's 2nd staple food.
Origin of wheat is South west asia (turcky)
Wheat is also known as King of cereals .
Wheat contain Spongy protein i.e. Gluten
Area & production
Wheat is cultivated in 215 million ha area with a production of 584 million tonnes.
Major wheat-growing countries are China, India, Russia, USA
India ranked 2nd followed by China, India accounts for 12% of total wheat production.
Major wheat-producing states in India are UP, Punjab, Haryana, MP, and Rajasthan, Among them Punjab has the highest productivity (45q/ha ) Because Punjab has 100% irrigated areas under wheat cultivation.
Wheat contains
60 - 69 % carbohydrate
10 - 12 % protein
1.5 - 2 % fat
2 - 2.5 % cellulose
1.5 - 2 % starch
The test weight of wheat is 40g (38g)
the test weight of phalaris minor is 2g.
Classification
1. Common wheat or bread wheat
triticum aestivum (2n=42 ) Hexaploid
most common species grown in India
it occupies about 87% area of total wheat cultivation.
used for making chapati & bakery product.
introduced from Mexico by Borlaug therefore also known as Mexican dwarf wheat.
2. Durum or macaroni wheat
triticum durum (2n=28)
cultivated in central & Southern India.
it occupies about 12% area of the total wheat cultivation in India.
3. Emmer wheat
triticum dicoccum (2n=28)
Cultivated in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
it occupies about 1% of total wheat cultivation.
inflorescence of wheat is known as spikelet & central Zig-zag axis of the spike is known as Rachis.
fruit type of wheat is Caryopsis.
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