We usually focus on the legacies of Roman civilization that are still visible today, from the Romance languages, the Roman writing system and many proper names to the Julian calendar, Roman law, architectural styles, and, last but by no means least, the various Christian churches. All of these continue to shape our lives.

What makes the Mucem so unique is that it recounts, analyses and sheds light on the ancient foundations of this cradle of civilization and the tensions running through it since that time, all in the same place and with the same passion. Also that it is a platform for discussions about Mediterranean issues.


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The Mucem is interested in the contemporary aspects of European and Mediterranean civilizations. Its collections include more than 350,000 objects, as well as a large assortment of documents, comprising a total of a million works of art, documents and objects, an extraordinary treasure trove that is promoted by means of an ambitious programme of permanent and temporary exhibitions.

The European studies/civilization minor at SIUE is an interdisciplinary program drawn from subject areas in the social sciences and the humanities. The courses focus on Western and Eastern Europe. Students pursuing a European studies minor must complete a minimum of 18 credits at the 300 level or above. At least one course each must be taken in three different departments, such as Art History, History, Political Science, English, or Foreign Languages. Courses not on this list may be acceptable if approved by the European Studies Coordinator of the European studies minor in the Department of History, Peck Hall, room 0213.

Let me summarize some relevant facts about Europe and its civilization today. There is no doubt in my mind both that Europe is now profoundly threatened and also that the approach of the European Union to the threats is informed by a comprehensive failure to understand them. The threats come from both inside and outside, and the two are connected.

Had the EU taken the form of a military alliance rather than a social and economic merger, it would perhaps have been able to respond to ISIS, to the breakdown of order in Libya, and to the situation in Iraq. For these are, for European civilization, military issues, to be solved in the end by force. But without American leadership, which vanished with the election of President Barack Obama, Europe is unable to involve itself in policing those parts of the world that are exporting their chaos to Europe.

All in all, taking the external and the internal threats together, it is difficult to be cheerful about the future of European civilization. However, what I have said is not the end of the story by any means.

The Western Civilization II: 1648 to the Present exam covers material that is usually taught in the second semester of a two-semester course in Western civilization. Questions cover European history from the mid-17th century through the post-Second World War period including political, economic, and cultural developments such as scientific thought, the Enlightenment, the French and Industrial Revolutions, and the First and Second World Wars. Test takers may be asked to choose the correct definition of a historical term, select the historical figure whose political viewpoint is described, identify the correct relationship between two historical factors, or detect the inaccurate pairing of an individual with a historical event. Groups of questions may require candidates to interpret, evaluate, or relate the contents of a passage, a map, a picture, or a cartoon to the other information, or to analyze and use the data contained in a graph or table.

The first appearance of Europe to designate the continent comes from Greece in the 6th century BCE, but it is unclear when the term was first used. The name may derive from the myth of Europa (known by the 8th century BCE when it is referenced in Homer's Iliad) in which the Phoenician princess is abducted by Zeus, king of the Greek gods, who, in the form of a bull, carries her off to Crete where she becomes queen of the first European civilization: the Minoan, which flourished from c. 2000 to c. 1500 BCE and, according to some scholars, created the first European written language.

The Minoan civilization, like the Phoenicians, was a seafaring people with trade contacts throughout the Mediterranean. The Minoans competed with the Mycenaean Civilization (c. 1700-1100 BCE) in trade, and Minoan and Mycenean artifacts have been discovered in Anatolia, Egypt, Cyprus, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Sicily, among other places. The Archaic Greeks (c. 800-480 BCE) continued to follow these trade routes but went further and established colonies from southern Italy to Anatolia up toward the Black Sea. Among these was the colony of Massalia (modern-day Marseille, France), the birthplace of Pytheas (l. c. 350 BCE) the geographer, who is said to have produced the work On the Ocean: the famous voyage of Pytheas exploring Europe c. 325 BCE.

Rome was a small port on the banks of the Tiber River, founded in 753 BCE, which initially expanded through trade and came in contact with the Greek colonies to the south along modern-day Italy's coast. The Etruscan civilization, to the north, and the southern Greeks both significantly influenced early Roman culture and civilization. Rome developed between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE, deposed their last king in 509 BCE, and founded the Roman Republic that same year. By this time, the Romans had established themselves firmly through other colonies in Italy but expanded further during the Punic Wars (264-146 BCE) after which they controlled the regions of Spain, Portugal, and Gaul (modern-day Belgium and France) among others. Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54 BCE but established no permanent presence there.

Migration Period in Europe During the 4th & 5th CenturySimeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-SA){"@context":" ","@id":" -period-in-europe-during-the-4th--5th-cen/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":" -period-in-europe-during-the-4th--5th-cen/","caption":"A map illustrating migrations of various peoples across fractured Europe and Western Asia after the division of the Roman Empire at the end of the 4th Century CE.","contentUrl":" ","copyrightNotice":"Simeon Netchev - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":" ","name":"Simeon Netchev","url":" ","sameAs":[" -netchev/"],"image":" _photos/150-simeonnetchev.jpg","description":"Simeon is a freelance visual designer with a deep interest in the human side of history.\r\nHe believes that every image should be an interaction, a commentary, and a narrative, and every map should lead on an exciting journey of exploration and discovery.","jobTitle":"Graphic Designer","worksFor":" "},"creditText":"Simeon Netchev / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2023-12-30T11:30:57+0000","datePublished":"2021-06-16T00:26:57+0000","encodingFormat":"image/png","headline":"Migration Period in Europe During the 4th & 5th Century","height":2790,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":" ","license":" -nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":" -period-in-europe-during-the-4th--5th-cen/","publisher":" ","representativeOfPage":false,"url":" -period-in-europe-during-the-4th--5th-cen/","width":4959}

Religions in Europe in the 16th CenturySimeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-SA){"@context":" ","@id":" -in-europe-in-the-16th-century/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":" -in-europe-in-the-16th-century/","caption":"A map illustrating the dominant religious divisions in Europe as the Reformation revolution in the Catholic church burned through Europe in the 16th century. Meanwhile, at the edges of the continent, the Islam introduced to the Balkans by the Turks in the lands of the Ottoman Empire coexisted and competed with Orthodox Christianity for the hearts and minds of the believers.","contentUrl":" ","copyrightNotice":"Simeon Netchev - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":" ","name":"Simeon Netchev","url":" ","sameAs":[" -netchev/"],"image":" _photos/150-simeonnetchev.jpg","description":"Simeon is a freelance visual designer with a deep interest in the human side of history.\r\nHe believes that every image should be an interaction, a commentary, and a narrative, and every map should lead on an exciting journey of exploration and discovery.","jobTitle":"Graphic Designer","worksFor":" "},"creditText":"Simeon Netchev / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2023-12-29T05:56:55+0000","datePublished":"2021-12-09T08:37:36+0000","encodingFormat":"image/png","headline":"Religions in Europe in the 16th Century","height":2786,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":" ","license":" -nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":" -in-europe-in-the-16th-century/","publisher":" ","representativeOfPage":false,"url":" -in-europe-in-the-16th-century/","width":3660}

Trying to write a single-volume "history of Europe in our time," Wasserstein admits at the beginning of this massive study, is necessarily a "tilt at the windmill." The result demonstrates the limitations one would expect in such an exercise, yet it must still be judged a success. A British historian at the University of Chicago, Wasserstein displays encyclopedic knowledge of his subject but has written far more than an encyclopedia. Amply justifying his choice of a title for the book, he shows how Europe over the past century has been the scene of "some of the most savage episodes of collective violence in the recorded history of the human species" while at the same time producing "incontestable improvements in many aspects of the life of most inhabitants of the continent." A case could be made -- based on the long-term trends in a story that moves from Verdun and the Holocaust to peace and the European Union -- that this is the story of an evolution from barbarism to civilization, but Wasserstein avoids that more optimistic implication. His authoritative account of Europe's highs and lows over the past century will give readers everything they need to decide for themselves. e24fc04721

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