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“Consumer Choice over Shopping Baskets: A Linear Demand Approach”. January, 2026
I introduce a novel approach to modelling and estimating continuous demand systems, utilising consideration sets to analyse differentiated products markets with very large choice sets, and where purchases over multiple goods, multiple units, and across product categories are common. I apply this approach to study intra-store competition in the Portuguese supermarket industry between 2020 and 2023. Anonymised transaction-level point-of-sale data is sufficient to estimate price elasticities across almost 30 000 goods and more than 500 product categories. The implied markups match observed price volatility, profit margin surveys, as well as reports on shifting consumer tastes during the sample period.
Lisbon Meetings in Game Theory and Applications, June 2025 - Best Graduate Paper 🎉
"Endogenous Product Design - A Linear Demand Approach". January, 2026
This paper develops a linear-demand framework to investigate endogenous product design. The framework is novel in its broad applicability to settings with any finite number of characteristics, goods, and firms, allowing for both vertical and horizontal differentiation in an empirically testable model. The key assumption is that the same product characteristics which drive goods utility also (at least partially) shape competitive interactions across products. I show that across different market structures, a pattern emerges: product differentiation along product attributes that firms control is primarily vertical, with horizontal differentiation only in latent attributes. Simulations show that allowing for endogenous design can imply higher consumer surplus under monopoly than under competition, as monopoly’s stronger incentives for attribute investment translate into higher effective quality.
"Market Structure and Pass-throughs in Regional Retail Fuel Markets". September, 2025
I develop a cross-nested logit demand system to study how market structure shapes the pass-through of cost shocks in national retail fuel markets, given regional variation in station density. Every gas station is defined as the centroid of a nest: a market within a given radius of said station, to which it and its competitors belong. To mitigate endogenous location choice, parameters are identified within stable windows where the set of local competitors is fixed. I show via simulations that the proposed model can allow for stronger spatial propagation of local shocks than canonical logit models, at higher equilibrium markups. The framework enables counterfactuals on entry, exit, and ownership, that respect realistic geographic substitution.
“Generics Entry in Competitive Markets with Firm Size Heterogeneity”. December, 2024
How does the entry of a generic variety onto an industry change competitive outcomes, when said industry is composed of firms of distinct sizes? Conventional wisdom in competition policy perceives generics primarily as purveyors of increased market competition and consumer welfare gains. I analyse this question and consider the merits of the prevailing view using a product differentiation model, simultaneously integrating the standard settings of Cournot oligopolistic and Chamberlinian monopolistic competition, facing a new challenge from a perfectly competitive generic variety. I find generics entry to have an ambiguous impact along most dimensions of interest to producers and consumers; significant asymmetric and interacting effects based on firm size heterogeneity; consumer welfare opacity from observable market outcomes; and multiple channels for utility effects, both negative and positive. These results have relevant regulatory implications, suggesting a movement from policies aimed at lowering fixed generics entry costs to more active and granular strategies engaging with the consumer preferences, firm types, and product interactions within each targeted industry.