We borrowed aegis from Latin, but the word ultimately derives from the Greek noun aigis, which means "goatskin." In ancient Greek mythology, an aegis was something that offered physical protection, and it has been depicted in various ways, including as a magical protective cloak made from the skin of the goat that suckled Zeus as an infant and as a shield fashioned by Hephaestus that bore the severed head of the Gorgon Medusa. The word first entered English in the 15th century as a noun referring to the shield or protective garment associated with Zeus or Athena. It later took on a more general sense of "protection" and, by the late-19th century, it had acquired the extended senses of "auspices" and "sponsorship."

The aegis (/ids/ EE-jis;[1] Ancient Greek:  aigs), as stated in the Iliad, is a device carried by Athena and Zeus, variously interpreted as an animal skin or a shield and sometimes featuring the head of a Gorgon. There may be a connection with a deity named Aex, a daughter of Helios and a nurse of Zeus or alternatively a mistress of Zeus (Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 13).[2]


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The modern concept of doing something "under someone's aegis" means doing something under the protection of a powerful, knowledgeable, or benevolent source. The word aegis is identified with protection by a strong force with its roots in Greek mythology and adopted by the Romans; there are parallels in Norse mythology and in Egyptian mythology as well,[citation needed] where the Greek word aegis is applied by extension.

The original meaning may have been the first, and   Zeus Aigiokhos = "Zeus who holds the aegis" may have originally meant "Sky/Heaven, who holds the thunderstorm". The transition to the meaning "shield" or "goatskin" may have come by folk etymology among a people familiar with draping an animal skin over the left arm as a shield.[

The aegis of Athena is referred to in several places in the Iliad. "It produced a sound as from myriad roaring dragons (Iliad, 4.17) and was borne by Athena in battle ... and among them went bright-eyed Athene, holding the precious aegis which is ageless and immortal: a hundred tassels of pure gold hang fluttering from it, tight-woven each of them, and each the worth of a hundred oxen."[2]

When the Olympian shakes the aegis, Mount Ida is wrapped in clouds, the thunder rolls and men are struck down with fear.[6][tone] "Aegis-bearing Zeus", as he is in the Iliad, sometimes lends the fearsome aegis to Athena. In the Iliad when Zeus sends Apollo to revive the wounded Hector, Apollo, holding the aegis, charges the Achaeans, pushing them back to their ships drawn up on the shore. According to Edith Hamilton's Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes,[7] the Aegis is the breastplate of Zeus, and was "awful to behold". However, Zeus is normally portrayed in classical sculpture holding a thunderbolt or lightning, bearing neither a shield nor a breastplate.

In some versions, Zeus watched Athena and Triton's daughter, Pallas, compete in a friendly mock battle involving spears. Not wanting his daughter to lose, Zeus flapped his aegis to distract Pallas, whom Athena accidentally impaled. Zeus apologized to Athena by giving her the aegis; Athena then named herself Pallas Athena in tribute to her late friend.

Classical Greece interpreted the Homeric aegis usually as a cover of some kind borne by Athena. It was supposed by Euripides (Ion, 995) that the aegis borne by Athena was the skin of the slain Gorgon,[8] yet the usual understanding[9] is that the Gorgoneion was added to the aegis, a votive offering from a grateful Perseus.

In a similar interpretation, Aex, a daughter of Helios, represented as a great fire-breathing chthonic serpent similar to the Chimera, was slain and flayed by Athena, who afterwards wore its skin, the aegis, as a cuirass (Diodorus Siculus iii. 70),[6] or as a chlamys. The Douris cup shows that the aegis was represented exactly as the skin of the great serpent, with its scales clearly delineated.

The aegis appears in works of art sometimes as an animal's skin thrown over Athena's shoulders and arms, occasionally with a border of snakes, usually also bearing the Gorgon head, the gorgoneion. In some pottery it appears as a tasselled cover over Athena's dress. It is sometimes represented on the statues of Roman emperors, heroes, and warriors, and on coins, cameos and vases.[6] A vestige of that appears in a portrait of Alexander the Great in a fresco from Pompeii dated to the first century BC, which shows the image of the head of a woman on his armor that resembles the Gorgon.

Herodotus thought he had identified the source of the aegis in ancient Libya, which was always a distant territory of ancient magic for the Greeks. "Athene's garments and aegis were borrowed by the Greeks from the Libyan women, who are dressed in exactly the same way, except that their leather garments are fringed with thongs, not serpents."[11]

Robert Graves in The Greek Myths (1955) asserts that the aegis in its Libyan sense had been a shamanic pouch containing various ritual objects, bearing the device of a monstrous serpent-haired visage with tusk-like teeth and a protruding tongue which was meant to frighten away the uninitiated. In this context, Graves identifies the aegis as clearly belonging first to Athena.

One current interpretation is that the Hittite sacral hieratic hunting bag (kursas), a rough and shaggy goatskin that has been firmly established in literary texts and iconography by H.G. Gterbock,[12] was a source of the aegis.[13]



 Documentation There is extensive documentation available for Aegis, including  a User Guide,  a Reference Manual,  a How To, and much more. The Documentation page alsohaslinks to HTML versions of thesedocuments.  The Propaganda page also carriescomparisons andsome other documentation.  

 

 GettingStarted There are anumber of resources available for you:  There is aworkedexample of the first few change sets of a newprojectin the User Guide.  There are someTemplateProjects which can be downloaded and unpacked usingone of Aegis' distributed development mechanisms,resulting in immediately working projects managed byAegis. OSS developers will be intersted in thesimple GNU autotools example. If your project usesa simple GNU Auto Toolsconfiguration, this example hasinstructions toquicklyget your project working underAegis.  

 

 Distributed Development The GeographicallyDistributed Developmentchapterof the User Guide describeshow to use the aedist(1) command to send and receive changesets. Both ofthe aepatch(1) and aetar(1) commands may also be used to send andreceivechange sets. See the Reference Manual for theirman(1) pages. The Working in Teams section of the How To describes anumber of ways todistribute projects.  The TemplateProjects provide a simple way to get a projectstartedquicklyand easily. They are implemented usingone of Aegis' distributed development methods.  The feed demonstrates how developerscanknow when remote changesets are available. Thisparticularlink isfor Aegis itself, but this mechanism isavailableforyour Aegis projects, too, if you chooseto turnit on.  

 

 Download  The Downloadpage has links to the download files. The BUILDINGfile inthe tarball contains instructionsfor building Aegis, or you could use the nicelyformattedBuildingsectionof the ReferenceManual. A number of distributions include Aegis, so it may bepossibleto download a pre-builtbinary. There are problems using Aegis on WindowsNT due to adissonance in security modelsbetweenUnix and Windows NT. However, it is possible to build asingleuser version using Cygwin, see the WindowsNT page formore information.  

 

 GettingHelp  There is an aegis-users mailinglist, see the Mailing Listpage for details.  The How To mayalso beof assistance. The User Guide explains themodel of software development implemented by Aegis. If you have found a bug, pleaseuse theSourceForge trackers to submit yourbugreport.  

 

 Reference Sites  There is apage ofReference Sites for youto browse, including contact information.  You may also like to see thelist ofSourceForge projects using Aegis, whichincidentally showcases the Aegis web interface.  

 

 GUI Interfaces There are several projects which are aimed at providing this. Agesis aGNOME-based front end to Aegis. It provides acomfortable waytoaccess the mostcommon used functions availablefromAegis.  AdvantAegis(download it here)is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to Aegis.AdvantAegis is written in wxPython (python withbindings).  There are someTcl/Tk scripts in the Aegissource distribution. They cover commonactivities suchas creating andmanaging changesets. See tkaenc(1) and tkaeca(1) in the Reference Manual for moreinformation. The aexver(1) command provides a GUI interfacefor selecting two versions of afile tobe differenced.  There is also the Aegis Web Interface for manytaskswhich mine Aegis' extensive meta-data.  

 Aegis is written and owned by Peter Miller and is freely distributableunder the termsand conditions of the GNU GPL. Thereis moreSoftware by PeterMiller at his home page.

For both bean and service customization, Aegis looks for customization in files found by the classloader. If your class is my.hovercraft.is.full.of.Eels, Aegis will search the classpath for /my/hovercraft/is/full/of/Eels.aegis.xml. In other words, if Eels.class is sitting in a JAR file or a directory, Eels.aegis.xml can be sitting right next to it.

What if you want to specify different mapping behavior for different services on the same types? The 'mapping' element of the file accepts a 'uri' attribute. Each AegisContext has a 'mappingNamespaceURI' attribute. If a mapping in a .aegis.xml file has a uri attribute, it must match the current service's uri. 2351a5e196

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