Learning styles are theories that suggest individuals prefer to learn in different ways—commonly through visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic methods. This is often called the VARK model, although there are other models as well (like Kolb’s Experiential Learning, Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences, etc.).

Learning Styles in Adults

• Adult learners often have established preferences for how they absorb new information, influenced by life experiences, professional backgrounds, and personal interests.

• Adults tend to value learning that is practical, relevant, and problem-centered, rather than theoretical and content-heavy.

• They often prefer self-directed and autonomous approaches.

Examples:

• Visual learners (adults): Prefer charts, diagrams, infographics; may ask for slides or handouts.

• Auditory learners Benefit from lectures, discussions, podcasts, or explanations of concepts aloud.

• Reading/Writing learners: Like manuals, lists, note-taking, and written instructions.

• Kinesthetic learners: Learn best through hands-on experiences, demonstrations, or role-playing.

Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy)

• Malcolm Knowles’ Andragogy is a key theory related to adult learning. It suggests that adults:

  1. Need to know why they need to learn something.

  2. Bring experience that can serve as a valuable resource in learning.

  3. Are they ready to learn things relevant to their job or life?

  4. They are more problem-centered and self-motivated.

Practical Application

When teaching or training adults:

• Use a combination of methods, including visuals, discussions, and hands-on tasks.

• Allow for self-pacing and reflection.

• Connect the material to real-life situations or problems.

• Encourage learners to share their experiences.

Criticism

• Research is mixed: There is little scientific evidence that strictly matching teaching methods to learning styles improves outcomes; however, using varied methods generally benefits all learners, including adults.

Summary:
Learning styles remain a popular concept in adult education and training. While adults often have clear preferences for how they learn best, the most effective teaching involves a mix of approaches and a strong connection to practical, real-world tasks.