Publications 

AI Welfare Risks (2025)

Philosophical Studies

I argue that advanced near-future AI systems have a non-negligible chance of being welfare subjects under major theories of well-being. I further contend that AI safety and development efforts pose two AI welfare risks, and propose how leading AI companies could reduce them.

AI Alignment: The Case for Including Animals (2025)

Philosophy & Technology

With Peter Singer, Yip Fai Tse and Soenke Ziesche

We argue that frontier AI systems may harm animals and should be aligned with basic concern for animal welfare. We also propose low-cost policies for AI companies and public policy to ensure such protection.

An Inclusive Account of the Permissibility of Sex (2024)

Social Theory & Practice

I develop a theory of permissibility of sex acts that explains our beliefs about the status of sex acts involving non-human animals, children, and humans with intellectual disabilities without resorting to unjustified discrimination such as speciesism.

Taking Into Account Sentient Non-Humans in AI Ambitious Value Learning (2023)

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness

I argue that, all else being equal, we have strong moral reasons to align future AI systems with the interests of all sentient beings, rather than solely with human interests or preferences.

Reports

Initial results of the Digital Consciousness Model (2026) Report.

With Derek Shiller, Laura Duffy, Arvo Muñoz Morán, Hayley Clatterbuck and Chris Percy

A report presenting a quantitative model that evaluates evidence of consciousness in AI systems across a range of leading theories and perspectives and outlining the initial results. Overall, the current model suggests evidence is against 2024 LLMs being conscious, even if not decisively so.

Papers under review and in progress

A paper on welfare components and welfare subjecthood defending welfare sentientism. 

A paper on AI alignment and public justification (with Eze Paez and Pablo Magaña).

A paper on the potential personal identity and psychological connectedness of LLMs (with José Curbera-Luis).

A paper documenting the first clinical case of AI psychosis (in collaboration with psychiatrists and psychologists).