急重症照護評估和處置系列課程I

課程目標：

1.Identify pathophysiology of acute care conditions of the cardiac and pulmonary systems.

2.Explore the relationship between acute care conditions of the cardiac and pulmonary systems, and their clinical presentation.

3.Develop evidence-based differential diagnoses for commonly encountered acute care cardiac and pulmonary system presentations.

4.Construct evidence-based treatment plans for various acute cardiac and pulmonary diagnoses.

5.Discuss evaluation methods and continued treatment for various acute cardiac and pulmonary diagnoses.

課程主題和內容摘要：

I-i

·     Cardiac pathophysiology

·     Hypertension

This course will review foundational cardiac physical assessment and pathophysiology. Hypertension will be discussed as it relates to essential hypertensive, hypertensive urgency, and hypertensive emergencies. Evidence-based treatment plans will also be discussed for each of these.

I-ii

·     Unstable angina/Acute Myocardial Infarction

·     Arrhythmias

This course will differentiate between stable and unstable angina and their causes. Pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction will be discussed along with both interventional and pharmacologic treatments for both. Short term and long-term management of coronary disease will be addressed. Common arrhythmias experienced in acute care will be discussed along with short term and long-term management of stable arrhythmias. Emergency management of life threatening arrhythmias will also be discussed.

I-iii

·     Heart failure

·     Acute decompensated heart failure

·     Cardiorenal syndrome

·     Acute pericarditis/tamponade

Concepts of heart failure with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction will be discussed along with appropriate treatment mechanisms. Conditions that cause acute decompensated heart failure, such as acute pericarditis and acute cardiac tamponade will be discussed along with acute care treatment plans.

I-iv

·     Cardiogenic shock

·     Obstructive shock

·     Neurogenic shock

·     Distributive (septic & anaphylactic shock)

Physiologic states of shock will be discussed and differentiated. Similarities and differences in pharmacologic treatment plans for each will related to their respected type of shock.

I-v

·     Gas exchange physiology and pathophysiology

·     Acute hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure

·     ABG and acid base interpretation

This course will review how to use acid-base disorders and acid-base interpretation to diagnose and manage patient with acute and acute on chronic hypoxic and hypercarbic respiratory failure. This course will also discuss various therapies to treat hypoxemia and hypercapnia.

I-vi

·     Pulmonary disease: restrictive and obstructive

·     Pneumonias

This course will discuss and differentiate between restrictive and obstructive pulmonary diseases, their diagnostic tests, and acute treatment. Additionally, hospital and community acquired pneumonia will be discussed and differentiated along with appropriate treatment plans for each.

I-vii

·     Chest CT

·     Chest x-ray

Diagnostic imaging of the lungs will be introduced and discussed, to include chest computerized tomography (CT) scan and x-ray. Interpretation strategies will be taught along with common pulmonary findings will be presented and discussed.

I-viii

·     Emergent intubations

·     Invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation

·     Pulmonary embolism

·     Pleural effusion

Invasive and non-invasive airway and ventilator management will be differentiated and associated with appropriate indications. Emergent airway management and intubation will be discussed. Finally, acute pulmonary conditions of pulmonary embolism and pleural effusion will be presented along with possible causes, evaluation, and evidence-based management strategies.