Active Directory Domain Services Download Windows 10

Active Directory is a directory service that runs on Microsoft Windows Server. It is used for identity and access management. AD DS stores and organizes information about the people, devices and services connected to a network. AD DS serves as a locator service for those objects and as a way for organizations to have a central point of administration for all activity on the corporate network.

Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. Windows Server operating systems include it as a set of processes and services.[1][2] Originally, only centralized domain management used Active Directory. However, it ultimately became an umbrella title for various directory-based identity-related services.[3]

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Microsoft previewed Active Directory in 1999, released it first with Windows 2000 Server edition, and revised it to extend functionality and improve administration in Windows Server 2003. Active Directory support was also added to Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT 4.0 via patch, with some unsupported features.[13][14] Additional improvements came with subsequent versions of Windows Server. In Windows Server 2008, Microsoft added further services to Active Directory, such as Active Directory Federation Services.[15] The part of the directory in charge of managing domains, which was a core part of the operating system,[15] was renamed Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS) and became a server role like others.[3] "Active Directory" became the umbrella title of a broader range of directory-based services.[16] According to Byron Hynes, everything related to identity was brought under Active Directory's banner.[3]

At the time, LDAP served as a basis for two major directory services solutions: Microsoft AD and open source LDAP (OpenLDAP), among many other smaller solutions. However, AD went on to become a commercial market leader while OpenLDAP led the open source market.

At its heart, a directory service is just an organized way of itemizing all the resources in an organization while facilitating easy access to those resources. Basically, AD is a kind of distributed database, which is accessed remotely via the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). LDAP is an open protocol for remotely accessing directory services over a connection-oriented medium such as TCP/IP.

AD is not the only directory service based on the x.500 standard, or that can be accessed using LDAP. Other directory services include OpenLDAP and FreeIPA. However, AD is a mature Windows-based service that comes incorporated with Windows Server systems. In other words, it's going to be the automatic winner when your organization has many Windows systems. This is one of the reasons for its ubiquity. Directory services such as FreeIPA are Linux-based and provide an excellent service for a Linux stable. When the rubber hits the road, the choice boils down to which of the two you can set up quickly, given your current environment and your team's skill set.

sssd on a Linux system is responsible for enabling the system to access authentication services from a remote source such as Active Directory. In other words, it is the primary interface between the directory service and the module requesting authentication services, realmd. Its main configuration file is located at /etc/sssd/sssd.conf. As a matter of fact, this is the main configuration file we will modify.

The primary use of this directory service is user and computer authentication within a domain, a set of domains, a forest or a set of forests. However, Active Directory has evolved to more than an authentication service. In many organizations, it is a central repository for not only user and computer data, but also for application configuration information, network resource location services, and name resolution, and so on. It also acts as the authentication source for external systems. It is clear that AD DS is a critical piece of infrastructure and must be designed with the same diligence as any other BCA.

When domain controllers are distributed according to best practices, the loss of a single domain controller does not impact the availability of the directory service. Each domain controller maintains a copy of the entire directory for its respective domain. Users and applications locate domain controllers and advertised services using the Domain Name Service (DNS), which is often hosted on domain controllers. In the case of an unresponsive domain controller, requests are retried against a responsive domain controller in round-robin fashion.

The most common deployment scenarios found in production environments consist of a mix of physical and virtual domain controllers. These hybrid deployments are typically in place because of legacy physical systems, a sense of comfort in having one or more physical domain controllers in the environment, or fear of a failure in the virtual infrastructure that might disrupt the directory services. The first two reasons are valid. Migrations take time and legacy applications are often hard coded to a specific piece of infrastructure. Many organizations have virtualized the majority of domain controllers, but one or two physical domain controllers remain as a safety measure against legitimate concerns around a completely virtualized Active Directory. The last reason, however, is typically attributed to users who are not familiar with vSphere.

When designed with availability and resiliency in mind, a virtual infrastructure can be fault tolerant. The argument to not virtualize every domain controller because of a fear of a failure at the virtual infrastructure level that might result in a loss of directory services has little merit in a well-designed environment.

After the replication of the new users has converged, the administrator reverts to the most recent snapshot taken of domain controller 1 (DC-1), rolling it back to the point before the last batch of users was created (Highest Committed USN = 110). However, the users remain in the active directory database on other domain controllers, which are not aware of the snapshot reversion that occurred on DC-1. They also still remember the last UTD vector they have for DC-1 based on the last successful replication.

Active Directory Domain Services, running on every Windows Server 2012 domain controller, and hosted on a hypervisor supporting VM-Generation ID, evaluates the VM-Generation ID during startup and before every write operation to ascertain that the present value is not different from the one stored in the msDS-GenerationId attribute within the local active directory database. A domain controller evaluates its local database for the value of the msDS-GenerationId in the following instances:

* UWWI has deployed the Azure Active Directory Sync tool. While this capability was deployed in support of ongoing Office 365 efforts, it has broader usefulness. You can leverage Azure Active Directory (AAD) identities from on-premise applications that are written to take advantage of AAD and from cloud-based applications. This greatly extends the usefulness of the NETID domain services beyond the confines of the p172 network space. Microsoft is investing heavily in this area, with an Azure Active Authentication (preview) capability that permits your smartphone to be used as an additional authentication factor announced recently. We expect this new Azure Active Directory aspect of the UW-IT portfolio to be an active area of growth. e24fc04721