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The microterrane Avalonia collided with the eastern margin of North America, causing deep burial, metamorphism, deformation, and the emplacement of igneous intrusions, including the large pink granite of Mount Desert Island.
This collision, part of the Acadian Orogeny, produced thrust sheets, folding, faulting, and multiple generations of deformation. After the orogeny, erosion exposed the intrusive bodies and deformed rocks, so the uplifted granite now forms ridges and peaks. Subsequent glaciation further removed overlying rock and sculpted the landscape. Also, the glaciation depressed the crust under the weight of ice and, when the ice retreated, caused isostatic uplift. The land rebounded, contributing to the present elevation of features and influencing shoreline evolution.
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