Letters and Sounds is a systematic approach for teaching children to read using phonics. It is used in many schools in England, but is not a mandatory part of the National Curriculum. It is split into six phases, from starting to learn about sounds at nursery to becoming fluent readers around age 7.

The phonic approach encourages us to directly link letters (graphemes) to sounds (phonemes), and to teach children pure sounds like ah, b, k when encountering the alphabet. So, children learn how to put sounds represented by letters or letter groups (like ch or igh) together to read words in a more straightforward way.


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The video below goes through all of these sounds, in British English, or you can view the American English version of this video by clicking here. Alternatively, you can listen to any of the letter sounds by clicking on the icons below the video.

If your child knows all of their letter sounds, then chances are they're already reading their first words or VERY close to it. At this stage, it will be critical that you develop their ability to BLEND sounds together into words. And I have two places you can look for support with blending words:

Sound on, please! Pun intended. Building the foundation for early literacy can happen at a young age through repetition and exposure to letter sounds. Maximize meal and snack times by exploring the alphabet with this placemat loaded with playful learning opportunities and over 100 unique phonics images. Older children will enjoy pairing our ABC Find & Fit puzzle pieces with this mat as they practice beginning, middle and ending sounds.

Our Phonics Placemat is designed for toddlers starting to learn the alphabet and letter sounds as well as school aged children beginning their reading and writing journey. This durable and easy-to-clean educational tool is a must-have for parents, teachers, and caregivers looking to help little ones develop their early literacy skills.

Phonics teaches students the relationship between the letters of written language and the sounds of spoken language. The goal of phonics is to help students learn how to use the alphabet to read and write words. It also helps them understand writing.

Young learners are just beginning to understand that there are relationships between written letters and spoken sounds. They are also learning that these relationships follow rules. They are learning the alphabetic principle.

About a month ago I introduced Jolly Phonics to Ethan, and he is still enjoying listening to the CD and singing the songs. He hasn't shown much interest in letter tracing, whenever I get the books out he chooses to do something else, so I am absolutely not pressuring him. He loves playing with play dough and other fine motor activities, as well as large letter writing in unique ways (like with cars) and mark making in general, so I'm not concerned or in any rush. 



We have been learning phonics sounds in our day to day activities, talking about the sounds that we hear in different words and playing games like 'I spy' in the car. We also made these letters and phonics sounds boxes. 



The boxes are the Glis boxes from Ikea which I love and use for absolutely everything! I put a sticker of the letter on the front (we only had upper case letter stickers, I'm still looking for lower case ones to go alongside them) and I stuck on the Jolly Phonics letter and picture on the side for reference as well.



First we are focusing on initial letter sounds, so Ethan and I are taking one box at a time and looking for things that start with that letter / sound. I also put in the magnetic letter and some letter writing cards in each box. 



Ethan loves going on scavenger hunts through his toy boxes to find items to put in his sounds boxes. We make the sound as we're searching 'a - a - a - a' and then every time we pick something up we say 'a - a - a - banana, does that start with a? Nooooooo' then try again 'a - a - a - apple, does that start with a? Yesssss, put it in the box!' Ethan doesn't always get them right, but he does have fun trying. And it's made me realise how many random little toys we have, ha ha!

So glad Shanahan wrote about this so that this topic gets some reach! I'm surprised more phonics programs don't act on these findings. A few programs that feature letters embedded in mnemonic pictures are Letterland, ReadWriteInc, and Spelfabet. I'm sure there are others. Often you can buy just the letter cards apart from the whole program. (I've yet to find a program where I agree with all the choices for keywords -- e = egg is not the best, IMHO.)

Ehri, Deffner, and Wilce, 1984, didn't just make a comparison between letters with pictures versus letters without pictures. They also compared letters with the pictures BESIDE them (like Opencourt) versus letters with the pictures embedded mnemonically WITHIN the shapes of the letters. The "beside" letters didn't do nearly as well as the "embedded WITHIN" letters. Shanahan, above, advocated not using picture-letters when making words. I disagree, but only because there are intermediate steps. In the first place, I play games that involve matching picture-letters to plain letters so that both are automatic. Next, I have picture-letters on cards in beginning-middle-end positions, and my beginners build three-letter words from those cards.The cards are at the recognition level, not the retrieval level, so the children can choose the spellings quickly. They work with spelling this way until they can blend sounds (phoneme awareness). Then it's time to make words out of letters without pictures. The words are then practiced, through games, until they are automatic. Then and only then are they incorporated into stories. In other words, I agree with Shanahan that the words in stories should not have picture-letters, which would be a distraction, but I also find embedded picture-letters to be extremely helpful during the phoneme-awareness stage, which involves spelling with cards that have picture-letters on them. www.mnemonicpictures.com

Thank you so much for this. I have written a response several times however struggle to do so succinctly:-) As an early years educator, former Inspector of Early Years Education, and now studying early literacy intervention at doctoral level, I am passionate about this topic as picture embedded mnemonics (in particular Letterland) has been used so widely for so many years. The idea behind it is great, as the picture clues prompt the child to remember the 'letter sounds' the program wants them to use in the early stages. However as someone who has run 2 large nursery schools for 8 years, where we tried this, I found there to be limitations and set about expanding on the concept. Im an action researcher and problem solver, as are so many who are passionate about eradicating illiteracy.

 

 I wanted to think bigger, and ensure that the scaffolding was not short sighted. Most educational research, as variables needs to be controlled when undertaking qualitative research is, by it's very nature, limited. Researchers are only able to look at the potential effects in the very beginning stages of learning to map phonemes to graphemes, and this can ignore the issues children are going to then face as they navigate the whole code, and the learning cannot be applied. Letters do not 'make sounds', they represent speech sounds in word, and the phonemes (speech sounds) they represent DEPENDS ON THE WORD. So teaching a child to say '' when they look at the letter a is all well and good, until they see a real word, and the letter a does not represent that sound at all, as demonstrated by Millie who is 'following the (phoneme) monster sounds to say the word in my blog about this topic - the word is 'any'. I wanted the picture clues to represent phonemes, as do phonetic symbols. So I created phonetic symbols for kids, called the Speech Sound Monsters. In the blog you can see pre-school children working out words like 'said, any, want, a...' and have no problem, even though the letter a represents a different phoneme each time! Why? The clue is just an alternative to a phonetic symbol. So the representation for that phoneme depends on the word. I teach very (very) young children to read, as an early intervention - to avoid them becoming instructional casualties. Schools in Australia and the US have also been using them for a few years now and the data collected is just wonderful - I would welcome contact by any scientists interested in quantitative research who wishes to explore an extension to the existing research relating to picture embedded mnemonics (phonetic symbol embedded mnemonics!) 

 

 -embedded-mnemonics-and-the-speech-sound-monsters-ssp-code-mapping

Lauren T - yes, they are so useful for the children to prompt them to remember the speech sound to grapheme link. And yes, the choice of pictures is often tricky - and as many use a word and the intended phoneme link is not the first sound, so it can take adults a while to work out the association! And of course if they recall the intended phoneme they also need to blend them. But my question was why not just an alternative to a phonetic symbol - so it's universal. The child looks at the character and thinks of the sound. With Letterland and others they look at the letter a and see an apple, but that means the program has to put the elephant, or relevant picture clue, on the letter a when it doesn't represent that sound and the words presented must only have those - when do they move on from this? eg think of the word 'any' ...does an elephant get put on the letter a? Or when are they told what to do - the letter a can represent at least 8 sounds. When do the children see that it's not just . I have found that phonetic symbol/ speech sound (phoneme) monsters are great because from the very beginning they think sound, not ONE phoneme to graphem combination. It also addresses accents / dialect - when Aussie kids say 'pan' they do not use the sound  in the middle of the word! So then when they see the  monster it evokes discussions about accents and phonics. And they spell in monsters, which show us which sounds they are hearing. I initially created them for my non verbal kids.

 I do hope scientists compare picture embedded mnemonics with phonetic symbol embedded mnemonics - of course kids aren't going to be interested in phonetic symbols, and why I used phoneme monsters instead - each with their own music, movement and personality. They even collect all the pictures of their sounds in their Spelling Cloud. It seems to align with the science, but is an assumption without empirical research - and I hope someone will step up and do that. I send kids to school reading, which is great proof for me- and schools send me their data to show huge growth. It is definitely worthy of investigation using the scientific method, and could build on existing findings. ff782bc1db

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