A study using a brain scanner to investigate the neural circuits that become active when people look at a photograph of someone they say they hate has found that the "hate circuit" shares something in common with the love circuit.
"Hate is often considered to be an evil passion that should, in a better world, be tamed, controlled and eradicated. Yet to the biologist, hate is a passion that is of equal interest to love," Professor Zeki said.
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The study advertised for volunteers to take part in the study and 17 people were chosen who professed a deep hatred for one individual. Most chose an ex-lover or a competitor at work, although one woman expressed an intense hatred for a famous political figure.
Professor Zeki and John Romaya of the Wellcome Laboratory of Neurobiology analysed the activity of the neural circuits in the brain that lit up when the volunteers were viewing photos of the hated person.
They found that the hate circuit includes parts of the brain called the putamen and the insula, found in the sub-cortex of the organ. The putamen is already known to be involved in the perception of contempt and disgust and may also be part of the motor system involved in movement and action.
"Significantly, the putamen and the insula are also both activated by romantic love. This is not surprising. The putamen could also be involved in the preparation of aggressive acts in a romantic context, as in situations when a rival presents a danger," Professor Zeki said.
"This may seem surprising since hate can also be an all-consuming passion like love. But whereas in romantic love, the lover is often less critical and judgemental regarding the loved person, it is more likely that in the context of hate the hater may want to exercise judgement in calculating moves to harm, injure or otherwise exact revenge," Professor Zeki said.
"Interestingly, the activity of some of these structures in response to a hated face is proportional in strength to the declared intensity of hate, thus allowing the subjective state of hate to be objectively quantified. This finding may have implications in criminal cases."
Sometimes you need to find a middle ground. If my daughter wants to watch three movies, and I want to watch one, we might end up watching two. Meeting the other person halfway also entails giving up some of your personal freedom.
In order to have a meaningful relationship with another person, you need to be able to be yourself. That is not always a good thing. We cannot always show our true colors to the people at work, in the grocery store, or on the subway. But you need to be able to do some of that at home. You need to let the other person see, and hear about, your weaknesses. But this means that you become vulnerable.
Hate and love thus both seem to be involved in the neural processing of what is sometimes referred to as the arousal effect of emotion (this is a technical term, so arousal can be negative). It seems that an emotion with a high arousal effect can quickly turn from positive (love) to negative (hate).
Ever since the year 2000, I watched the demolition of long since abandoned public housing projects in Chicago. I watched the Darrow Homes get torn down, shortly Madden Park was leveled, Robert Taylor Homes fell, Stateway became a memory, Henry Horner homes came down, the ABLA homes came down, I watched Cabrini-Green get torn down as I took the Brown Line L to school on the northside.
So why should we persist in this charade? Why should we keep pretending that anything is going to get better? Why not just leave you to our own devices so we can better focus on your little brothers and sisters behind you?
We hate what the ghetto has become and what it has symbolized, but at the same time we hold on to it because we love it, whether we own it on paper, we owned as a part of our lives, right or wrong. We love it because our blood, swear and tears are a part of the ground we walk on, but we hate it because our blood, sweat and tears have watered the piddling grass that grows pushing up through the concrete in spite of.
Reblogged this on The Angriest Black Man in America and commented:
Brilliant essay. Written with passion, intellectual reasoning, and critical thinking. And best of all the author does not allow the pressures of political correctness founded to force him to disregard the ugly truth. The ghetto does not have to be glamorous or support social mobility in order to be appreciated and relevant. It is a part of our story and should never be shunned. Respect.
Racism is a system of advantage based on race. Do you believe white racism exists? Do you believe black racism exists? How has white racism adversely affected the lives of black people in America? How has black racism adversely affected the lives of white people in America? Black people or any minority race can hate white people all they want but it has no power to impact a whole group of white people.
Of all the definitions that I spent my evening pointlessly researching, only the online comedy dictionary could draw a reasonable parallel between love and hate. Clearly not a subject meant for scholars, but rather for those with too much time, or too much wine.
Is this line the tightrope we walk when we find true love? Is this the fatality of such a powerful attraction? When love sweeps us off our feet, does it replace the foundations of everything we used to feel below our feet with a thin line instead? One which we must conquer? Or perhaps one we must simply accept.
This omission of this subject in my book led to some confusing conversations. One in particular stands out in my mind, which still makes me feel terrible. Back in 2017, I talked with a friend who was going through a difficult divorce. He described simultaneous feelings of love and hatred towards his then-wife, and was describing the confusion and frustration that accompanied this combination.
I had written about how hatred was motivated by love, that the two emotions were intimately linked, but not that the two were intertwined in relation to a singular object. My claim was that if you loved object X, and person Y threatened X, you would hate person Y. Love of X was related to hatred of Y, but the objects of these emotions were distinct. Love and hatred towards the same object was something different.
I mention Goulding and her song partially because it inspired me to finally get around to this topic. But her song is also useful in another way: it captures the confusing nature of this mix of love and hate. In absentia, it expresses what most people experience when undergoing these emotions precisely because it fails to identify the source.
Seriously dating someone naturally leads to all kinds of imaginings about the future. We project forward what our life with this person will be like, often in idealized and romantic tones. We construct a whole imaginary existence together with that person, and over time, come to identify ourselves with that future. In many ways, this imagined future, and not the other person, is the primary object of our love in the relationship.
The line between love and hate is often described as painfully thin. This is a peculiar concept given the two polar opposite definitions of the words one can find in any dictionary. It seems logical to me that the similarity may arise from the fact that love and hate are so often felt for the same person at different times, rather than an inherent similarity between these emotions.
Another aspect of hate this research does not seem to explain is how hatred can be directed towards entire groups of people, whilst love is often steered toward specific individuals in our lives. We rarely claim to love all people of a particular social group or ethnicity, whereas groups defined by their race, gender, social, political or cultural background are often detested as a collective. Perhaps Zeki will address these various aspects of hate in future research.
Overall, this research shows we are less critical and less rationally inclined when it comes to those we may be infatuated by, lust after, or platonically cherish. This could all be taken to mean we really do let our hearts rule our heads. We really are fools in love. 152ee80cbc
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