Methods:  We recruited 24 healthy participants. Each participant wore a smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 6) on the left wrist and a pulse oximeter sensor (Masimo Radical-7) on the left middle finger. The participants breathed via a breathing circuit with a three-way non-rebreathing valve in three phases. First, in the 2-minute initial stabilization phase, the participants inhaled the ambient air. Then in the 5-minute desaturation phase, the participants breathed the oxygen-reduced gas mixture (12% O2), which temporarily reduced their blood oxygen saturation. In the final stabilization phase, the participants inhaled the ambient air again until SpO2 returned to normal values. Measurements of SpO2 were taken from the smartwatch and the pulse oximeter simultaneously in 30-s intervals.

Results:  There were 642 individual pairs of SpO2 measurements. The bias in SpO2 between the smartwatch and the oximeter was 0.0% for all the data points. The bias for SpO2 less than 90% was 1.2%. The differences in individual measurements between the smartwatch and oximeter within 6% SpO2 can be expected for SpO2 readings 90%-100% and up to 8% for SpO2 readings less than 90%.


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Conclusions:  Apple Watch Series 6 can reliably detect states of reduced blood oxygen saturation with SpO2 below 90% when compared to a medical-grade pulse oximeter. The technology used in this smartwatch is sufficiently advanced for the indicative measurement of SpO2 outside the clinic.

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To evaluate the accuracy for 2 smartwatches with oximetry technology and optical wrist heart rate (HR) or single-lead Electrocardiography (ECG) technology (Fenix 5X Plus [GF5xp], Garmin Ltd and Apple Watch 6 [AppW6], Apple Inc, respectively) versus reference methods (ECG and transmittance pulse oximetry [TPO], respectively) in measuring HR and peripheral oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2) in cats.

Smartwatches are increasingly used to evaluate physiologic biomarkers.5 Apple Watch 6 (Apple Inc [AppW6]) is a reliable way to obtain HR and SpO2 in humans.6,7 The HR values obtained using Fenix 5X Plus (Garmin Ltd [GF5xp]) correlate well with the reference method,8 but overall, it tends to overestimate SpO2.9 Furthermore, GF5xp accurately measures HR in dogs.10 However, the reliability of GF5xp and AppW6 to measure HR and SpO2 in cats remains to be demonstrated. The aim of the study reported here was to evaluate the accuracy for 2 smartwatches with oximetry technology and optical wrist HR or single-lead ECG technology (Fenix 5X Plus [GF5xp], Garmin Ltd and Apple Watch 6 [AppW6], Apple Inc, respectively) versus gold standards (ECG and transmittance pulse oximetry [TPO], respectively) in measuring HR and SpO2 in cats.

Power analysis (PS-Power and Sample Size calculation; version 3.1.2) was employed to determine the minimum number of measurements required in each device to consider a 2% difference in the HR significant, thus 10 animals (200 measurements) were needed. The level of significance was 0.05 (Type I) and a power of 80% (Type II). The analysis was based on data by previous study which compares HR measurement in dogs using different smartwatches.10

The present study determined the accuracy of 2 smartwatch devices for HR and SpO2 in anesthetized cats. Our findings indicated that data from GF5xp and AppW6 were overall acceptable and consistent with that from ECG over the range of HR and SpO2 observed. GF5xp was superior to AppW6 as an alternative measurement, with a lower LoA for detecting HR compared with that of the reference method. A previous study in dogs has reported that GF5xp has high accuracy for detecting HR.10 To our knowledge, no other study has investigated the accuracy of HR in animals using AppW6. However, our results were consistent with a previous study that showed that AppW6 has a high level of accuracy for HR monitoring in humans.16

Although we demonstrated that GF5xp and AppW6 could be used to assess SpO2 in cats, both smartwatches frequently failed to display values for pulse oximetry. This result might restrict the clinical use of devices in cats. The tightness of the watch and the environmental light may affect successful measurements.21 These factors were not considered in the current study and might be considered as limitations. We conclude that HR measurements can easily be obtained when smartwatches are tightly wrapped over the proximal tibia. Nevertheless, this procedure may not enable us to record most of the SpO2 measurements. Future research can be conducted by placing smartwatches on different anatomic regions to examine how correct measurements can be obtained.

In conclusion, various brands of smartwatches have been used in human healthcare. Apple and Garmin are both well known in the world of smartwatches; however, no study has evaluated the use of these devices in cats to monitor HR and SpO2. Based on our findings, both GF5xp and AppW6 exhibit high accuracy in evaluating HR and SpO2 when compared with the reference methods. Both devices are cost-effective when used to monitor HR in cats and can be used for follow-up assessment for screening heart disorders. Thus, both wearable devices may not only serve to humans but also cats. However, the technology may not be suitable for screening SpO2 in cats because of high failure rates. Given that the cats used in this study are free of any cardiac disease, future studies are required to determine the effectiveness of both devices in detecting cardiovascular problems.

OneLife Technologies Corp., a mobile medical software/data collection company, offers the first AT&T* LTE-M certified medical wearable. The OnePulse smartwatch goes beyond tracking steps. It provides activity trackers, reminders, and alert technologies. Powered by AT&T wireless connectivity, the advanced wearable securely and independently transmits certain critical medical and health data to the cloud. This allows clinicians, patients and their caregivers to monitor user status and well-being.

The OnePulse LTE-M medical and health smartwatch is a complete solution for practical, affordable telehealth and remote patient monitoring. It is expected to be available for purchase by healthcare providers in March of this year.

Smartwatch market is pretty saturated with tons of options to choose from. So the brands need to find their own way to attract customers. Guys from HiFuture are going the most ideal way there is, packing very solid specs together with a very alluring price. Today we have for you a super deal for their FutureFit Pulse smartwatch model and with the use of a discount coupon we can get to a pretty great price point. So what are these smartwatches about ?

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But the best part comes with just looking at the current pricing. FutureFit Pulse is already heavily discounted on the official store, but with the help of the coupon Hifutureb1 you can go even lower. Such packed smartwatch model for just $34.99 as the final price is just irresistible.

Pebble is a discontinued smartwatch developed by Pebble Technology Corporation. Funding was conducted through a Kickstarter campaign running from April 11, 2012, to May 18, 2012, which raised $10.3 million; it was the most funded project in Kickstarter history, at the time. Pebble began shipping watches to Kickstarter backers in January 2013.[17] Pebble watches can be connected to Android and iOS devices to show notifications and messages. An online app store distributed Pebble-compatible apps from many developers including ESPN, Uber, Runkeeper, and GoPro.

In 2015, Pebble launched its second generation of smartwatches: the Pebble Time and Time Steel. The devices were similarly funded through Kickstarter, raising $20.3 million from over 75,000 backers and breaking records for the site. In 2016, Pebble shut down their subsequent Time 2 series watches and refunded Kickstarter backers, citing financial issues.[4]

After raising venture capital for the product under their former name, Allerta (which had already developed and sold the inPulse smartwatch for BlackBerry devices), the company failed to attract traditional investors under their new Pebble brand name,[20] so the company pursued crowd funding in April 2012.

The Pebble Time Steel is a stainless steel variant of the Pebble Time smartwatch, available in multiple finishes: silver, black or gold with either a leather or steel band.[58] Pebble claims it has a 10-day battery life.

Alongside the Pebble Time Steel, Pebble announced its open hardware platform called "Smartstraps". This lets developers develop new third-party straps that connects to a special port at the back of the watch and can add new features like GPS, heart rate monitors, extended battery life and other things to the watch. This new platform prevents smartwatch bloat and making the watch bulky like most of its competitors' smartwatches. ff782bc1db

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