Welcome

At 3S Consulting, LLC, we deliver Sensational, Strategic, and Sustainable solutions, specializing in Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) Drug Substance strategies. Our expert team is dedicated to driving both immediate and long-term success, providing innovative, tailored solutions to meet the unique challenges of your organization. We craft dynamic strategies that guide small companies through the early development phase and accelerate programs through late-phase development, even within a virtual CMC environment. 

Linkedin Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chi-li-chen-a364a59

Industrial Experience

Dr. Chi-Li Chen has been working in the pharmaceutical industry since 2008, specializing in process development and manufacturing. With extensive experience in small company settings, he understands the unique challenges of working within a virtual CMC environment, including resource and timeline constraints, as well as the dynamics of internal labs supporting development across multiple organizations. Dr. Chen brings a wealth of expertise in CMC drug substance, having successfully advanced numerous programs through critical milestones such as process development, toxicology batch preparation, GMP manufacturing for Phase 1-3, product registration, and radiolabeled synthesis. His proficiency includes leading process development initiatives like route scouting, polymorphism studies, crystallization, impurity control, regulatory filings, CMC diligence, and the establishment of specifications for raw materials, regulatory starting materials, intermediates, and drug substance.

Delivery Under Aggressive Timelines

Led the process development of a new program with an aggressive timeline, successfully delivering four campaigns over 20 months. This included producing an impurity-enriched toxicology batch and three high-purity GMP batches totaling 140 kg. Overcame challenges related to process impurities, mutagenic impurities, nitrosamines, and toxic reagents/byproducts by implementing phase-appropriate, effective solutions.

Regulatory Filing Preparation

Led the preparation of regulatory submissions for CMC drug substance across multiple clinical programs, including:

• • M3 sections for IND and amendments (two Phase 2 programs, three Phase 1 programs)

  • M2 section for IND (one Phase 2 program)

  • IMPD preparation (two Phase 1 programs, one Phase 2 program)

CMC Diligence

Directed the CMC diligence process for three programs focused on fundraising and program acquisition, resulting in two programs being successfully acquired by Novartis.

2016-2025 Highlights

• • Led six drug substance programs focused on process research, technology transfer, and API manufacturing to support preclinical and Phase 1-3 clinical trials, including high-potency APIs.

  • Scaled up shortlisted compounds and building blocks to support discovery chemistry and drug candidate nomination.

2009-2015 Highlights

Process development and manufacture of Eravacycline, approved by the US FDA in 2018. Key responsibilities included:

• • Crystallization of API: Directed crystallization efforts and delivered API for Phase 2-3 clinical trials, supporting Quality by Design (QbD), Design of Experiments (DoE), and registration batch requirements.

  • Regulatory starting material: Developed a new synthetic route for the regulatory starting material, ensuring successful manufacture for Phase 2-3 trials, registration batches, and validation batches.

2007-2008: Postdoctoral Research at Harvard University, Professor Yoshito Kishi Group

• • Under the guidance of Professor Kishi, Chi-Li developed an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement and successfully completed the formal synthesis of the H and I rings of Halicondrin B. Additionally, he developed a scalable process for the side chain of mycolactone natural products. Professor Kishi encouraged pushing boundaries and generating "sensational ideas", a mindset that continues to resonate in Chi-Li’s approach to the pharmaceutical industry today. As the industry evolves rapidly, breakthrough ideas and visionary strategies are more critical than ever.

2002-2007: Graduate Research at the University of Texas at Austin, Professor Stephen F. Martin Group

• • Chi-Li earned his PhD in Organic Chemistry from the University of Texas at Austin in 2007. During his doctoral studies, he completed the total synthesis of vineomycinone B2 methyl ester and developed synthetic methodology toward C-aryl glycosides under the mentorship of Professor Stephen F. Martin. His contributions were recognized with the Bristol-Myers Squibb Fellowship and the Roche Research Award during the final year of his PhD program.

3S Consulting, LLC offers expert consulting in CMC Drug Substance.

CMC Strategy and Delivery for Development Programs

We provide consulting for the process development and manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API; drug substance). Our expertise includes:

• • Route scouting

  • Process optimization

  • Impurity control & purge: This includes addressing process impurities, residual solvents, elemental impurities, toxic reagents and byproducts, mutagenic impurities, and nitrosamines.

  • Manufacturing strategy: We tailor strategies to enhance impurity levels in toxicity batches and minimize them in GMP batches for clinical use.

  • Setting specifications: Establishing specifications for drug substances, intermediates, regulatory starting materials, and raw materials at various stages of development.

With extensive experience in delivering multiple campaigns with process improvements under aggressive timelines, our consulting services ensure streamlined, efficient, and high-quality API manufacturing processes.

Early Phase Development

Early phase development focuses on identifying the most efficient and cost-effective approach to producing drug substances while meeting target product profiles, quality standards, and regulatory requirements. This includes evaluating various CDMO (Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization) options, considering factors like location, regulatory history, capacity, cost, and speed of delivery.

Late Phase Development

For late-phase development and commercialization, the strategy must support robust processes for scale-up, transfer to commercial manufacturing sites, and the establishment of a quality system to ensure consistency and regulatory compliance. This involves process optimization, control strategies, and investment in analytical and manufacturing technologies to maintain a reliable and cost-effective supply of drug substances.

CMC Safety Considerations

Safety is a top priority in drug supply. The following considerations are recommended to ensure a successful regulatory filing.

• Non-mutagenic Process Impurities: Enriched in toxicity batches and qualified through toxicity studies. Specifications for clinical batches are determined by NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) and impurity ratio in the toxicity batch. In early-phase development, Harvey's 2017 publication provides a wider operational range for unqualified impurities, allowing a limit of 5 mg/day or 0.7% (whichever is lower). For Phase 3 delivery, his 2024 publication justifies setting a specification of 1 mg/day for lifetime exposure without requiring a threshold of 0.15% for unqualified impurities.

• Mutagenic Impurities: These assessments are conducted using publicly available software tools (e.g., US EPA TEST QSAR, OECD QSAR) and formal in silico QSAR studies. If positive alerts are identified, they are managed in accordance with ICH M7 guidelines or justified by the results of the AMES test. Specifications are established based on the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC), Less-Than-Lifetime (LTL) acceptable intake, TD50, or by converting the NOEL to the Permitted Daily Exposure (PDE).

• Toxic Reagents and Byproducts: Controlled based on toxicity data (e.g., LD50, PDE, NOAEL) or Cramer's classification. Analytical methods and purification techniques are developed to monitor and remove these impurities.

• Nitrosamine Control: A comprehensive risk assessment is conducted, evaluating synthesis processes, potential molecular structures, safety thresholds, and purge factor estimates. Once risks are identified, the focus moves to marker synthesis, analysis, and the implementation of effective control measures.

Polymorphism and Crystallization

In early development, free base and potential salts are scaled up to support animal pharmacokinetics (PK) comparison, guiding polymorph screening and salt selection. We have extensive experience in polymorph screening, form conversion to thermodynamic polymorphs, and solvent selection to ensure robust crystallization processes. The ideal crystallization process controls polymorphism, delivers consistent polymorphs, and purges mutagenic, toxic, and elemental, and process impurities.

Selection of Regulatory Starting Material (RSM)

We follow ICH Q11 and ICH Q&A principles for selecting RSMs, using risk assessment tools from industry leaders like Merck, Lilly, and Roche to guide RSM selection. Supporting information is gathered in accordance with ICH guidelines to ensure regulatory compliance.

Regulatory Filing Support

We have extensive experience in drafting INDs and IMPDs for Phase 1 and Phase 2 programs. We provide valuable support in preparing or reviewing regulatory documents to ensure timely and successful submissions.

Integration of CMC, Quality, and Regulatory

With comprehensive knowledge in CMC, quality, and regulatory through continuous training and projects, we integrate these areas seamlessly to support clients in advancing their programs efficiently and phase appropriately. Our consulting emphasizes the generation of research and QC data that meet regulatory filing requirements, ensuring a smooth and fast track to clinical development.

CDMO Selection

Selecting the right CDMO is crucial. We evaluate CDMOs based on factors like geographical presence (US, Canada, Europe, China, India, Taiwan, and Korea), speed, capacity, capability, creativity, compliance (regulatory history), communication, and cost. In today’s geopolitical landscape, these considerations are increasingly important when choosing the best partner for a specific project.

Fundraising and Program Acquisition

We help the preparation of CMC diligence for fundraising and program acquisition, organizing the technical, quality, and regulatory aspects of drug substance and product manufacturing. This diligence process provides critical information for investors and ensures the success of fundraising and acquisition initiatives.

Third Harmonic Bio, Cambridge, MA

Senior Director, CMC Development, 2024, Mar – 2025, Jul

Director, CMC Development, 2021, Aug – 2024, Feb

• Led the CMC drug substance efforts for the THB001 and THB335 programs, focusing on process development and manufacturing at external CDMOs.

  1. • • Delivered multiple non-GMP and GMP batches to support 

toxicology studies and Phase 1~2 development.

• 1. • • Conducted process development to enhance purity, scalability, and efficiency while reducing operational volume and cost.

       • Performed risk assessments of processes, including evaluations of mutagenic impurities, and conducted purge and fate studies. 

       • Established phase-appropriate development goals for optimization and impurity purge, ensuring that process impurities, reagents, byproducts, and mutagenic impurities are controlled at acceptable levels in manufactured batches.

       • Justified regulatory starting materials using historical R&D and manufacturing data.

       • Manufactured non-GMP radiolabeled drug substances to support in vivo studies.

• Contributed to IND and IMPD M3 sections of drug substances for Phase 1~2 trials to facilitate regulatory filings in Europe, Canada, and the US.

Cadent Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (Acquired by Novartis in 2020, Dec)

Integration with Novartis team to advance CMC programs, 2021, Feb – 2021, Jul.

Director, CMC Development of Drug Substance, 2020, Oct – 2021, Jul.

Associate Director, CMC Development of Drug Substance, 2018, Oct – 2020, Sep.

• Led the CMC drug substance efforts for the CAD-9303 and CAD-1883 programs, successfully advancing the programs from the preclinical stage to Phase 1~2 and beyond.

  1. 1. • Delivered impurity-enriched toxicity batches and high-purity GMP batches.

        • Regulatory starting materials: Conducted route scouting and optimization to improve yield and purity, completing manufacturing batches, including building blocks required for fluorination in a specialized CDMO.

        • Drug Substance: Oversaw technology transfer to new CDMOs, optimizing processes to enhance yield, purity, and operational volume. 

        • Developed a crystallization protocol to achieve thermodynamically stable polymorphs and purged process, mutagenic, and elemental impurities.

        • Manufactured a non-GMP radiolabeled drug substance to support in vivo studies.

• Drug Product support: Provided chemistry input for drug product development. Supported drug product inventory management, storage, and distribution, reviewing compounding batch records in pharmacies.

• Collaborated with external CMC, analytical chemistry, quality, and regulatory consultants to support CMC activities.

• Contributed to IND M2 and M3 sections of drug substances for Phase 1~2 trials.

• Assisted in gap analysis and CMC diligence to support fundraising and acquisition efforts by Novartis.

C4 Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA

Senior Research Scientist II in Process Chemistry, 2016, May – 2018, Oct.

• Project management and scale-up: Completed 15 fee-for-service projects in CRO/CDMO settings, successfully scaling up several potential molecules for drug candidate nomination.

• CFT-743 Program:

  1. 1. • Regulatory starting materials: Developed a robust process, scaling up to multi-hundred grams in-house, and transferred technology to a CDMO for further scale-up to multi-kilograms.

        • Drug Substance: Managed the technology transfer to the CDMO for the non-GMP manufacture of a toxicity batch.

        • Collaborated with the CDMO during pre-formulation efforts to enhance the solubility and stability profile of the drug.

        • High-potency APIs (HPAPI): Gained extensive experience in handling high-potency APIs through program management, manufacturing campaign, workshops, plant visits, and collaboration with CDMOs and consultants.

Macrolide Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, MA

Associate Director in Process Chemistry, 2015, Nov – 2016, May.

• • Developed a new synthetic approach for building block of solithromycin.

  • Optimized the synthesis of the desosamine donor through cleavage of desosamine on erythromycin followed by functional group modification. Successfully delivered multi-hundred grams of product in-house.

  • Scaled up and delivered two major building blocks to support internal development.

  • Managed the optimization and production of building blocks at a CDMO.

TetraPhase Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, MA

Senior Research Scientist, 2014, Dec – 2015, Nov.

Research Scientist II, 2010, Dec – 2014, Dec.

Research Scientist I, 2008, Dec – 2010, Dec.

• 5 Years in process chemistry and manufacturing

  1. 1. • Optimized the synthesis of “enone” and managed external production to support Phase 2~3 trials, registration batches, and validation batches (Fig 1).

        • Developed, optimized, and delivered 2 Kg of TP-1656 in-house to support the manufacture of TP-2758 for the Phase 1 clinical trial (Fig 2).

        • Crystallization optimization and manufacturing of Eravacycline: Optimized and scaled up the crystallization process of the API, Eravacycline (Fig 3). (a) Facilitated non-GMP and GMP production to deliver the desired polymorph of the API for toxicity studies, Phase 2~3 trials, and registration batches prior to NDA filing. (b) Drying process development: Developed a drying procedure to effectively remove organic solvents using nitrogen and humid gas flow.

        • ​Campaign management: Managed external projects and facilitated technology transfer to CDMOs, supporting production campaigns ranging from 100 g to 80 kg of final product. Collaborated with CDMOs in the US, China, and Europe, overseeing manufacturing through on-site visits to ensure timely delivery of intermediates and crystalline APIs.

        • In-house scale-up: Conducted reactions in a 50-liter reactor, successfully delivering kilograms of intermediates and APIs.

• 2 Years in medicinal chemistry:

  1. 1. • Developed highly convergent synthetic routes for antibiotic tetracycline analogs to support structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. 

        • Designed and synthesized a diverse range of molecules aimed at improving the potency of tetracyclines.

        • Prepared over 130 tetracycline compounds across more than twenty different classes within two years. Prioritized efforts to maximize contributions toward targeting challenging pathogens for drug candidate nomination in Phase 1 clinical trials.

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Professor Yoshito Kishi Lab, Harvard University, 2007, Jul – 2008, Dec.

• Process development project: Developed a stereospecific Ireland-Claisen rearrangement, yielding a single diastereomeric lactone. This synthesis has been successfully replicated by numerous postdoctoral researchers since 2009, demonstrating its robustness and reliability (Fig 4).

• Completed the formal synthesis of the H and I rings of halicondrin B in a total of 23 steps, successfully delivering 7 g of the final product (Fig 5).

• Developed Katsuki epoxidation as key process to synthesize the C14-C20 fragment of mycolactone natural products, delivering over 100 g of the building block (Fig 6).

Graduate Research, Professor Stephen F. Martin Lab, University of Texas at Austin, 2002, Aug – 2007, Jun.

• Completed the total synthesis of the antitumor agent vineomycinone B2 methyl ester, employing an intramolecular double benzyne-furan cycloaddition with silicon tethers (Fig 7).​​

• Developed a Pd-catalyzed ring-opening reaction and subsequent oxidation for the synthesis of Group II C-aryl glycosides, 2-substituted 1,2-dihydro-1-naphthols, and 2-substituted 1-naphthols (Fig 8).

• Conducted studies towards the total synthesis of the fibrinolytic agent actinophyllic acid, employing an oxidative Mannich reaction for key ring formation.

Teaching Assistant, University of Texas at Austin, 2003, Jan – 2005, Aug.

• • Instructed and supervised undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory classes, facilitating hands-on learning and practical application of organic chemistry principles.

  • Supervised an undergraduate student conducting research on organic methodology in the laboratory, providing guidance and mentorship throughout the project.

Undergraduate Research and Research Assistant, National Taiwan University, 1996 Jul – 1999 Jul, 2002 Feb – 2002 Jun.

• • Synthesized diamino and imine-phosphine ligands, along with their corresponding metal complexes (Cr, Mo, W, Pd).

  • Investigated the stepwise insertion mechanism associated with palladium complexes.

Mandatory Military Service, Taiwan, 1999, Aug – 2001, Apr.

Process Chemistry and Manufacture

1. Hogan, P.; Chen, C.-L.; Mulvihill, K.; Rickmeier, J.; Lawrence, J.; Moorehead, E.; Myers, A. G. "Large Scale Preparation of Some Key Intermediates for the Manufacture of Fully Synthetics Macrolide Antibiotics" J. Antibiotics 2018, 71, 318–325.                 

2. Lafrance, D.; Hogan, P. C.; Liu, Y.; He, M.; Chen, C.-L.; Niu, J. "Crystalline Forms of Eravacycline" PCT Int. Appl. 2018, WO 2018075767 A1 20180426

3. Zhang, W.-Y.; Chen, C.-L.; He, M.; Zhu, Z.; Hogan, P.; Gilicky, O.; Dunwoody, N.; Ronn, M. "Process Research and Development of TP-​808: A Key Intermediate for the Manufacture of Synthetic Tetracyclines" Org. Process Res. Dev. 2017, 21, 377–386.                                        

4. Zhang, W.-Y.; Sun, C.; Hunt, D.; He, M.; Deng, Y.; Zhu, Z.; Chen, C.-L.; Katz, C.; Niu, J.; Hogan, P.; Xiao, X.-Y.; Dunwoody, N.; Ronn, M. "Process Development and Scale-up of Fully Synthetic Tetracycline TP-2758: A Potent Antibacterial Agent with Excellent Oral Bioavailablility." Org. Process Res. Dev. 2016, 20, 284–296.                                                      

5. Zhang, W.-Y.; Hogan, P. C.; Chen, C.-L.; Niu, J.; Wang, Z.; Lafrance, D.; Gilicky, O.; Dunwoody, N.; Ronn, M. "Process Research and Development of an Enantiomerically Enriched Allylic Amine, One of the Key Intermediates for the Manufacture of Synthetic Tetracyclines." Org. Process Res. Dev. 2015, 19, 1784–1795.                                                                                                                                                            

6. Ronn, M.; Zhu, Z.; Hogan, P. C.; Zhang, W.-Y.; Niu, J.; Katz, C. E.; Dunwoody, N.; Gilicky, O.; Deng, Y.; Hunt, D. K.; He, M.; Chen, C.-L.; Sun, C.; Clark, R. B.; Xiao, X.-Y. "Process R&D of Eravacycline: The First Fully Synthetic Fluorocycline in Clinical Development." Org. Process Res. Dev. 2013, 17, 838–845.                           

Co-Author in Medicinal Chemistry

1. Veits, G. K.; Henderson, C. S.; Vogelaar, A.; Eron, S. J.; Lee, L.; Hart, A.; Deibler, R. W.; Baddour, J.; Elam, W. A.; Agafonov, R. V.; Freda, J.; Chaturvedi, P.; Ladd, B.; Carlson, M. W.; Vora, H. U.; Scott, T. G.; Tieu, T.; Jain, A.; Chen, C.-L.; Kibbler, E. S.; Pop, M. S.; He, M.; Kern, G.; Maple, H. J.; Marsh, G. P.; Norley, M. C.; Oakes, C. S.; Henderson, J. A.; Sowa, M. E.; Phillips, A. J.; Proia, D. A.; Park, E. S.; Patel, J. S.; Fisher, S. L.; Nasveschuk, C. G.; Zeid, R. "Development of an Achilles TAG Degradation System and Its Application to Control CAR-T activity" Current Research in Chemical Biology 2021, 1–14.

2. Phillips, A. J.; Nasveschuk, C. G.; Henderson, J. A.; Liang, Y.; Chen, C.-L.; Duplessis, M.; He, M.; Lazarski, K. "Amine-Linked C3-Glutarimide Degronimers for Target Protein Degradation." 2019, US 2019/0076539 A1.

3. Phillips, A. J.; Nasveschuk, C. G.; Henderson, J. A.; Liang, Y.; He, M.; Duplessis, M.; Chen, C.-L. "N/O-linked Degrons and Degronimers for Protein Degradation and Their Preparation" PCT Int. Appl. 2018, WO 2018237026 A1 20181227

4. Phillips, A. J.; Nasveschuk, C. G.; Henderson, J. A.; Liang, Y.; Chen, C.-L.; Duplessis, M.; He, M.; Lazarski, K. "Preparation of Amine-Linked C3-Glutarimide Degronimers for Target Protein Degradation" PCT Int. Appl. 2017, WO 2017197051 A1 20171116

5. Sun, C.; Deng, Y.; Hunt, D.; Fyfe, C.; Chen, C.-L.; Clark, R.; Grossman, T.; Sutcliffe, J.; Xiao, X.-Y. "Heterocyclyl Tetracyclines. 2. 7-Methoxy-8-Pyrrolidinyltetracyclines: Discovery of TP-2758, a Potent, Orally Efficacious Antimicrobial Against Gram-Negative Pathogens" J. Antibiotics 2018, 71, 287–297.

6. Deng, Y; Sun, C.; Hunt, D. K.; Fyfe, C.; Chen, C.-L.; Grossman, T. H.; Sutcliffe, J. A.; Xiao, X.-Y. "Heterocyclyl Tetracyclines. 1. 7-​Trifluoromethyl-​8-​Pyrrolidinyltetracyclines: Potent, Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Agents with Enhanced Activity Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa" J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, 2498–2512.

7. Sun, C.; Hunt, D. K.; Chen, C.-L.; Deng, Y.; He, M.; Clark, R. B.; Fyfe, C.; Grossman, T. H.; Sutcliffe, J. A.; Xiao, X.-Y. "Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Hexacyclic Tetracyclines as Potent, Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Agents." J. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 4703–4712.

8. Clark, R. B.; He, M.; Deng, Y.; Sun, C.; Chen, C.-L.; Hunt, D. K.; O’Brien, W. J.; Fyfe, C.; Grossman, T. H.; Sutcliffe, J. A.; Achorn, C.; Hogan, P. C.; Katz, C. E.; Niu, J.; Zhang, W.-Y.; Zhu, Z.; Ronn, M.; Xiao, X.-Y. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 8-Aminomethyltetracycline Derivatives as Novel Antibacterial Agents." J. Med. Chem. 2013, 56, 8112–8138.

9. Chen, C.-L.; Clark, R. B.; Deng, Y.; Plamondon, L.; Sun, C.; Xiao, X.-Y. "Tetracyline Analogs and Their Therapeutic Use against Infections." PCT Int. Appl. 2012, WO 2012021712 A1 20120216.

10. Clark, R. B.; Hunt, D.; He, M.; Achorn, C.; Chen, C.-L.; Deng, Y.; Fyfe, C.; Grossman, T.; Hogan, P.; O’Brien, W. J.; Plamondon, L.; Ronne, M.; Sutcliffe, J. A.; Zhu, J.; Xiao, X. "Fluorocyclines. 2. Optimization of the C-9 Side-Chain for Antibacterial Activity and Oral Efficacy." J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 606–622.

11. Chen, C.-L.; Clark, R. B.; Deng, Y.; He, M.; Plamondon, L.; Sun, C.; Xiao, X.-Y. "Tetracycline Compounds as Inhibitors of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus." PCT Int. Appl. 2010, WO 2010129057 A2 20101111. 

Total Synthesis and Development of Synthetic Methodology at Harvard University and University of Texas at Austin

1. Jackson, K. L.; Li, W.; Chen, C.-L.; Kishi, Y. "Scalable and Efficient Synthesis of the Mycolactone Core." Tetrahedron 2010, 66, 2263–2272.

2. Chen, C.-L.; Namba, K.; Kishi, Y. "Attempts to Improve the Overall Stereoselectivity of the Ireland-Claisen Rearrangement." Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 409–412.

3. Sparks, S. M; Chen, C.-L.; Martin, S. F. "Tandem Intramolecular Benzyne-Furan Cycloadditions to Glycosyl Anthrarufin: Total Synthesis of Vineomycinone B2 Methyl Ester." Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 8619–8635.

4. Chen, C.-L.; Sparks, S. M.; Martin, S. F. "C-Aryl Glycosides via Tandem Intramolecular Benzyne-Furan Cycloadditions. Total Synthesis of Vineomycinone B2 Methyl Ester." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 13696–13697.                                            

5. Chen, C.-L.; Martin, S. F. "General Methods for the Synthesis of 2-Substituted 1,2-Dihydro-1-Naphthols and 2-Substituted 1-Naphthols." J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 4810–4817.

6. Chen, C.-L.; Martin, S. F. "Facile Synthesis of 2-Substituted 1,2-Dihydro-1-naphthols and 2-Substituted 1-Naphthols." Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 3581–3584.                              

Undergraduate Research in Organometallics at National Taiwan University

1. Chen, C.-L.; Chen, Y.-C.; Liu, Y.-H.; Peng, S.-M.; Liu, S.-T. "Initiation Steps for the Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers Promoted by Cationic Palladium Aqua Complexes." Organometallics 2002, 21, 5382–5385.

2. Chen, Y.-C.; Chen, C.-L.; Chen, J.-T.; Liu, S.-T. "Well-Controlled Block Polymerization/Copolymerization of Alkenes and/or Carbon Monoxide by Cationic Palladium Methyl Complexes." Organometallics 2001, 20, 1285–1286.

3. Reddy, K. R.; Chen, C.-L.; Liu, Y.-H.; Peng, S.-M.; Chen, J.-T.; Liu, S.-T. "New Imine-Phosphine Palladium Complexes Catalyze Copolymerization of CO-Ethylene and CO-Norbornylene and Provide Well-Characterized Stepwise Insertion Intermediates of Various Unsaturated Substrates." Organometallics 1999, 18, 2574–2576.

4. Chen, C.-L.; Lee, H.-H.; Hsieh, T.-Y.; Lee, G.-H.; Peng, S.-M.; Liu, S.-T. "Conversion of Diamino-Substituted Carbene Complexes into the Isocyanide by Acylation." Organometallics 1998, 17, 1937–1940.

5. Cho, J.-Y.; Chen, C.-L.; Hsieh, T.-Y.; Kiang F.-M.; Lee, G.-H.; Peng, S.-M.; Liu, S.-T. "Formation of Isocyanide Complexes via Acylation of Diaminocarbene Complexes." J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 561, 153–155.

Chi-Li Chen, PhD

3S Consulting, LLC

11 Waban St

Newton, MA 02458

Phone: (617) 893-0332

chili.chen@yahoo.com