Type of filament

Material that is easy to work with without the need for a full metal nozzle.   The printing temperature can be as low as 180 degrees Celsius.  As long as the room temperature is above 20 degrees Celsius, your print will be fine.

A material that is slightly tougher, has more heat resistance, and has better creep resistance than PLA.  Of course, it needs to print at a higher temperature.

Rubber-like plastics that suites for design with flexible desires.  The phone case design is commonly used.  It is chemical resistant and quite expensive.  Bowden extruders will have a hard time printing them since it has low rigidity and therefore hard to push into the extruder.  Direct drive extruders therefore will be better used to print this material.

The famous ABS, once use in injection mold, is commonly used in automobile dashboards and toys.  It is the jack of all trade material for 3D printing but all-metal hot ends are mandatory for safe printing.

ABS also warp easily and a heated enclosure 3D printer is needed.

Modify form of ABS, easier to print and improved UV resistance due to less tendency to warp.

It has a more famous brand name, Nylon.  Mostly used in gears, hinges, and sliding components.  Good wearing resistance, low friction, excellent toughness, and temperature tolerance make it good for printing functional moving parts.  It is more commonly used in commercial SLS 3D printers but FDM printers can also print them.

Strongest plastic you can find, used for bullet-proof glass and fighter jet canopies.  It can withstand temperatures as high as 110 degrees Celsius and have excellent tensile strength than Nylon. 

Very challenging to print as it is excessively warping during print, nozzle print needs to be 300 degree Celsius and the print bed needs to head to around 100 degrees Celcius.