2-B-2
戰爭下／前的多重準備：
民防、防災演習、反侵略主體

摘要

近年來中國國力不斷提升，自習近平成為中共最高領導人之後，侵略台灣的軍事野心也逐年增強。2022年2月24日俄國侵略烏克蘭震驚全球，這場戰爭也深刻地引響並改變了台灣的社會，由民間發起的民防課程也相繼成立，甚至成為國際關注的焦點。民防組織以實際的技巧演練，增進民眾的備戰知識、技術，以及成為「防衛共同體」的意志。有別於冷戰時期由國家主導的民防訓練將民眾作為「總體戰」下為軍隊服務的客體，近年民間崛起的民防組織更強調民眾作為「全民防衛」下的戰略主體，提倡軍事知識的民主化與透明化，並以日常的準備訓練民眾如何管理因全球不確定性與地緣政治衝突之下所產生的情感焦慮。從參與台灣民間民防田野的初探，本篇論文將以「安全感官」（security aesthetics）這個概念，探討本體不安全感（ontological insecurity）、備戰（preparedness）以及情動政治（affect）三者的連帶關係。從批判心理學的觀點，我提出「焦慮」這項情感的能動性，以及民防參與者如何從團體的行動中，將情感社會化並且重新賦予不同層次的意義。

關鍵字：民防、本體安全感、不確定性、備戰

摘要

This paper examines the emergence of grassroots civilian defense preparedness organizations in Taiwan from a social movement perspective. Before the Ukraine War focused attention on Taiwan’s capacity to resist a PRC invasion, civil society organizations (CSOs) offering wartime emergency response classes and weapons training with toy airsoft guns had begun springing up in Taiwan’s society. Civil defense is usually state-led and Taiwan presents an interesting case of civil society actors taking the lead in preparing the general population for war. This paper focuses on several activist-led organizations providing civil defense education which constitute a nascent resiliency movement. We first show how a resiliency deficit in Taiwan in the face of China’s growing military threat created conditions for the emergence of these organizations. We then draw on interview research with the organizations’ leaders and analysis of their social media posts to understand their motivations and how they frame collective action. We suggest the goals of their activities reach beyond teaching the technical aspects of civil defense to building Taiwanese national identity by mobilizing citizens to participate in, and take responsibility for, Taiwan’s security. Their movement is an iteration of social resistance against China which extends into the national security domain, challenging the traditional dominance of security policy by remnants of the Chinese Nationalist party-state. The final section of the paper assesses opportunities and constraints faced by the movement, including US influence, civil-military debate, and partisanship.

關鍵字：resiliency, civil defense, social movement, civil-military relations, national identity