Balance: An arrangement of parts achieving a state of equilibrium between opposing forces or influences.

Equilibrium: Equilibrium = visual balance and relates to our physical sense of balance. It is a reconciliation of opposing forces in a composition that results in visual stability.

Pictorial Balance: Pictorial balance refers to the state of visual stability created in a work of art. It also assumes a vertical axis.

Imbalance: When elements do not carry equal weight or eye attraction on either side of a vertical or horizontal axis. An artist may, because of a particular theme or topic, choose imbalance. In this instance imbalance can be a useful tool.

Symmetrical Balance: In symmetrical balance, like shapes are repeated in the same position on either side of a vertical axis. Also called bilateral symmetry.

Bilateral Symmetry: One side, in effect, becomes the mirror image of the other side.

Formal Balance: Conscious symmetrical repetition, while clearly creating perfect balance, can be undeniably static, so that term “formal balance” is used to describe the same idea.

Asymmetrical Balance: Balance achieved with dissimilar objects that have equal visual weight or equal eye attraction.

Informal Balance: Another term for asymmetrical balance because it can appear more casual than a formal symmetrical portrait in feeling.

Radial Balance: Balance can be achieved when elements radiate or circle out from a common central point.

Crystallographic Balance: Also known as “mosaic” balance, crystallographic balance involves creating a grid pattern and achieving balance by repeating elements of equal weight all over your design. There is no distinct focal point for crystallographically balanced designs, but using a grid is one of the best ways to organize your project.

Texture: The surface quality of objects that appeals to the tactile sense.

Value: Degree of light or dark in a color or an image.

Tint: A hue or color mixed with white.

Shade: A hue or color mixed with black.