Define electricity, V, I, R, & P.

1. V = Voltage is a force or potential difference (units volts) and it is also an abundance of electrons VS An absence of electrons VS A balance of electrons

2. I = Current is the rate of flow of an electric charge throughout a certain section in a circuit or entire circuit and is is the amount of electrons flowing per second at one point

3. R = Resistance is the function of restricting voltage flow

4. P = Power is the rate at which energy is taken into or created in a circuit

Define IO of GPIO

1. IO - Stands for Input/Output pins

States of input

1. High Pins

2. Low Pins

3. Floating Pins

   1. Input Example: LED

States of output

1. High Pins

2. Low Pins

3. Floating Pins

4. Output Example: Button

analogRead() - ADC

1. Analog To Digital Conversion

   1. It has the ability to find minute levels of analog

analogWrite() - PWM

1. It is a method for obtaining results(analog)

Current limiting, pullup, pulldown Rs

1. These resistors are made to either limit the current or increase/decrease it

Voltage dividers

1. You can use a voltage divider so that you can split the voltage

Calculate current limits in series & ||

1. You can calculate the series limit by finding the sum of all the resistors and this value will show the limit of the current

Calculate R for LED (advanced)

1. To find the Resitance of a LED you need to find out the following values: Battery voltage, LED voltage, and LED current(user's choice)

2. To calculate it you need to subtract the LED voltage from the Battery voltage and then divide that value by the user's LED current to get Resistance of the LED

   1. LED Resistance = (Battery Voltage - LED Voltage)/(User's LED Current)