Washington metropolitan area residents, including those in Montgomery County, were known for their preference for center-hall, brick colonial homes. This changed in the 1950s. The majority of homes built were in four styles: Cape Cod, Rambler/Ranch, Split-Level/Split-Foyer, and Contemporary Modern. These distinctive styles are described below.
The Cape Cod house accommodated the minimal home design defined by the Federal Housing Administration in the 1930s. This FHA design recommended a minimum of 624 square feet of living space to accommodate a living room, two bedrooms, a full bathroom, and an eat-in kitchen. If the home was built on a concrete slab, the utilities were located in a closet in the kitchen. If it was built with a basement, the utilities were located in the unfinished basement.
Cape Cod homes were low, one-or two-story frame houses with little ornamentation. Some were built with a steep pitched gable roof to provide an unfinished second floor with room for additional bedrooms and a second bathroom. This style, used extensively by the Levitt brothers in Levittown, NY, their first post-war suburban community, caught the attention of builders nationwide. The Cape Cod style was very popular because it was affordable and eligible for VA and FHA loans.
The Rambler/Ranch style offered a different design. It had a modern appearance with a low-pitched roof, asymmetrical windows, a full basement and, frequently, a car port or garage. These houses had a long, open interior that provided more living space all on one level. The Rambler/Ranch house had a modern appearance with a low-pitched, side-gabled roof, asymmetrical windows, full basement and, frequently, a car port or garage.
The Split-Level and Split-Foyer home style offered three levels, each accommodating different family activities. The basement provided room for a recreation room, laundry area, and garage. The second story above the basement had three bedrooms and a full bathroom. The one-story wing accommodated the kitchen, dining room, and living room. It is interesting to note the living room in the floor plan above has a special location designed for a television set.
The Contemporary/Modern style was designed to integrate the house with the natural contours of the home site. The homes had a low, horizontal design, a flat, low-pitched roof, an open space plan, and floor-to-ceiling windows to make residents feel closer to nature.