GHUCG 2022 Track: Abdominal pain & Primary Care

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Abdominal pain

In the outpatient setting, abdominal pain is a common complaint. Many aetiologies’, both acute and chronic, can be evaluated outside of the hospital. However, given the associated morbidity and mortality, several causes of abdominal pain necessitate prompt, focused, and structured evaluation. The differential diagnosis of a patient with acute abdominal pain is extensive, requiring the physician to understand not only the underlying pathophysiology of the pain, but also the clinical presentation, course, and initial management of more dangerous causes. Patients with concerning presentations can be identified, initially managed, and appropriately referred for continued care with a focused history, physical examination, and adjunctive testing strategy.

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Causes of Abdominal Pain?

There are numerous potential causes of abdominal pain. Inflammation or loss of blood supply to an organ cause abdominal pain (for example, ischemic colitis). To make matters more complicated, abdominal pain can occur for unknown reasons without inflammation, distention, or loss of blood supply. Irritable bowel syndrome is a prominent example of this latter type of pain (IBS). Because no recognisable (visible) causes of the pain have been identified, these latter types of pain are often referred to as functional pain.

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Abdominal Pain Symptoms

Abdominal pain symptoms include:

1) Bloating

2) Diarrhea

3) Constipation

4) Gas

5) SIndigestion

6) Heartburn

7) Discomfort in the chest

8) Pelvic dissatisfaction

How Is the Source of Abdominal Pain Determined?

Doctors use the following criteria to determine the cause of abdominal pain:

· The characteristics of pain

· Examination of the body

· Exams and assessments

· Endoscopy and surgery

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Diagnosis — Characteristics of the Pain

How bad is your abdominal pain? The information gleaned from a patient’s history is critical in assisting doctors in determining the cause of stomach pain. This includes the onset of the pain, as well as its location, pattern, and duration. It also includes what aggravates the pain and what relieves it. Fever, diarrhoea, and bleeding are examples of associated signs and symptoms.

The Pain’s Characteristics — How the Pain Begins

When do you experience abdominal pain? Always? Is it more common in the morning or at night? How long does your pain last each time it comes and goes? Does it happen after eating certain foods or drinking alcohol? Indigestion may be the cause of abdominal pain after eating. Is there pain during menstruation? These are common questions that your doctor may ask to help determine the cause. For example, sudden abdominal pain may indicate a sudden event such as an interruption in the supply of blood to the colon (ischemia) or an obstruction of the bile duct by a gallstone (biliary colic).

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Pain Characteristics — Location

Your doctor may inquire whether your stomach pain is widespread or confined to a specific area. Where does the pain appear to be in your abdomen? The location of the pain can aid in the diagnosis of certain conditions, such as appendicitis, which typically causes pain in the middle of your abdomen, which then moves to your right lower abdomen, where the appendix is usually found. Diverticulitis typically causes pain in the left lower abdomen, which is where the majority of colonic diverticula are located. Gallbladder pain (biliary colic or cholecystitis) is typically felt in your middle, upper abdomen, or right upper abdomen near your gallbladder.

Pain Characteristics — Pattern

What kind of pain are you feeling? Is it stabbing or excruciating pain? Is it just a dull ache? Is there pain in your lower back, shoulder, groyne, or buttocks? Do you have acute abdominal pain that started suddenly or did it develop gradually and worsen?

Pain patterns can aid in the diagnosis of abdominal pain. An obstruction in your intestine, for example, causes waves of crampy abdominal pain at first due to contractions of your intestinal muscles and intestine distention. True cramp-like pain indicates that your intestines are contracting vigorously. Gallstones obstructing your bile ducts usually causes steady (constant) upper abdominal pain. Acute pancreatitis is characterised by severe, unrelenting, and consistent pain in the upper abdomen and upper back.

Physical Examination — Diagnosis

Examining the patient will give the doctor more information about the source of the abdominal pain. The doctor will decide on:

· The presence of sounds coming from the intestines that occur when the intestines are obstructed.

· The presence of inflammation symptoms (by special manoeuvres during the examination)

· The site of any tenderness

· The presence of an abdominal mass that could be a tumour, an enlarged organ, or an abscess (a collection of infected pus)

· Blood in the stool could indicate an intestinal problem such as an ulcer, colon cancer, colitis, or ischemia.

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Get CME/CPD Certification! The Organizing Committee of the 12th World Gastroenterology & Hepatology Conference 2022, Dubai, UAE! (#GHUCG 2022) announced the deadline for abstract submission.

Conference Date- December 21–22, 2022

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Reference Gastroenterology & Hepatology UCGconferences press releases and blogs

https://medium.com/@saloni.ucg/what-precisely-is-gastrointestinal-surgery-8996969943a1

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https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-precisely-gastrointestinal-surgery-gastroenterology-ucg