12 O'Clock High is an American military drama television series set in World War II. It was originally broadcast on ABC-TV for two-and-one-half TV seasons from September 1964 through January 1967 and was based on the 1949 film of the same name. The series was a co-production of 20th Century Fox Television (Fox had also produced the movie) and QM Productions (one of their few non-law-enforcement series). This show is one of the two QM shows not to display a copyright notice at the beginning, but rather at the end (the other was A Man Called Sloane) and the only one not to display the standard "A QM Production" closing card on the closing credits.

The series follows the missions of the fictitious 918th Bombardment Group (Heavy) of the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF), equipped with B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers, stationed at Archbury Field, England (a fictitious air base). For the first season, many of the characters from the book and 1949 movie were retained, including Brigadier General Frank Savage, Major Harvey Stovall, Major Cobb, Doc Kaiser, and General Pritchard, albeit played by different actors from in the motion picture. In addition to these characters, several other infrequently reappearing characters were introduced, including Captain (later Colonel) Joseph "Joe" Gallagher, who appeared in two episodes (episodes 1 and 24) as well as being the central character for seasons two and three.


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The character Joe Gallagher's father was Lt. General Maxwell Gallagher, played by Barry Sullivan. Burke and Sullivan had previously worked together in the TV series Harbormaster. In an interview given by Lansing on The Mike Douglas Show in 1965,[2] Lansing mentioned that had he known what a boost to his career 12 O'Clock High was, he never would have fired himself. Savage was killed off in a way so as not to require Lansing's participation. According to TV Guide, ABC moved the show from a 10:00 pm Friday time slot to a 7:30 pm Monday time slot for the second season to capture a younger audience.[3] It was hoped that TV viewers would identify more with a colonel rather than an Army Air Corps general.[3] Lansing, had he remained, would have received limited air time with Burke's addition.[3]

The first two seasons were filmed in black-and-white, as ABC did not mandate prime time shows to be in color until the 1966-1967 season, but it also allowed the inclusion of actual World War II combat footage supplied by the U.S. Air Force and the library of 20th Century Fox movies.[4] The inclusion of combat footage was often obvious, as it was often quite degraded. Limited usable combat footage often resulted in the same shot being reused in multiple episodes. For the third season, the TV series was filmed in color, but this season only ran for 17 episodes, with the series being canceled in midseason. Some of the combat footage used for the third season seemed to be in black-and-white footage tinted blue. Film footage from the 1940s was also used for take-offs and landings since the one B-17 to which the show had access could only taxi. To simulate different aircraft, it was frequently repainted.[1]

The segments in 1966 had the former Royal Canadian Air Force pilot Lynn Garrison coordinating the aerial footage. Garrison had been drawn to the project by his friend Robert Lansing. Garrison owned the P-51 used in the series.

QM Productions searched all the airports within a two-hour range of the Twentieth Century-Fox studios for a suitable location and found Chino to be the best available. Chino Airport was isolated, quiet, had a smattering of surviving World War II-era buildings, and could be made to resemble an Eighth Air Force bomber base with just a little Hollywood magic. So, Chino Airport became the exterior set location for the TV series, complementing the interior sets built at the Fox Western Avenue Studios in Los Angeles. Studio set dressers descended upon the airport in the spring of 1964 to create the home of the fictional 918th Bomb Group and its commanding officer, General Frank Savage.

As the series was gearing up for production in late 1963 or early 1964, there was a surplus USAF VB-17G, 44-83316, in storage at nearby Norton AFB. It had been set aside with a number of other surplus USAF aircraft for a planned museum. Plans changed, and suddenly the VB-17G became available. Paul Mantz, the famed Hollywood pilot and partner at Tallmantz Aviation at nearby Orange County Airport, had been promised a USAF B-17 for his movie collection, and Mantz and the Norton AFB commander had agreed to have the B-17 set aside for Tallmantz.

Meanwhile, at the other end of the chain, QM Productions was working to get its hands on 44-83316 to support the TV production. Tallmantz came to Norton and removed the fabric-covered control surfaces to be recovered, with the intention of flying the B-17 out a few weeks later. When they returned, they found that the cockpit had been gutted by studio workers, reportedly to complete the studio mockup for the TV series filming. Fuming, Mantz demanded some answers and a sheepish USAF admitted to letting the studio have access to the airplane. Rendered non-airworthy by the studio, Tallmantz washed its hands on the airplane and looked elsewhere for a USAF B-17. Subsequently, 44-83316 lost its wings, the wings reportedly going quietly to an air tanker outfit. The fuselage hulk was later trucked out to Chino and mounted on a stand that approximated a parked B-17. It was painted and marked as an AAF B-17 and used as set dressing, seen far away in the background of shots usually with the control tower blocking the view of the missing wings. It also appeared in several episodes as a crashed B-17 and was lit on fire numerous times in the course of the filming.

The series production relied primarily upon the USAF film stock of combat footage for the combat scenes. Fighter attacks, airplanes being shot down, flak-ridden bomb runs, and takeoff and landing scenes mostly came for USAF film vaults. Much footage from the wartime Memphis Belle documentary showed up. Some scenes were used from the original 1949 movie with the famous Paul Mantz belly landing used more than once.

The first episode began filming in May1964, with the premiere episode airing on Friday, September 18, 1964, at 9:30 p.m. on the coasts. Thirty-two episodes were produced for the first season, with the production completing season one filming in March 1965. The second season had a major rework, with Gen. Frank Savage (actor Robert Lansing) being killed off in the first episode, and Col. Joe Gallagher (actor Paul Burke) taking command of the 918th Bomb Group. Twenty-nine episodes were shot for Season Two, broadcast between September 13, 1965, and April 4, 1966. Season Three was abbreviated, as the series was cancelled part way through. For the last season, the show was shot in color, with a total of only seventeen episodes that were broadcast from September 9, 1966, to January 13, 1967. The show was ultimately cancelled due to low ratings.

The last episode of the series, Episode #78 (entitled The Hunters and the Killers) was probably completed in early November 1966. ABC television advised QM Productions that the series was cancelled on November 2, so it is doubtful there was any question that the series indeed had come to its end at this point. No record is available about how long or who actually dismantled the set but within a few years it was back to a under-used sleepy little airport surrounded by dairy cows and open land.

I was watching one of the color episodes online and wondered if anyone had any experience with the A-2s used on the series. Were they shoddy costume jackets that only looked good on TV? Or were they real leather jackets? Are there any floating around the collector community? They would have 50 years of age on them now, just curious! Thanks!

Sorry not trying to high jack your thread but thought you might find this interesting. A few years ago when my son and I finished my 1941 Chevy restoration. I was at a loss as to what serial number to use. Then I remembered General Savages's staff car in 12 O'Clock High. (I think the car in the movie was a Plymouth though), With the serial number being the same as the movie's I decided to have one of my repop A-2's painted. The painting on the back and the chest patch are pure fantasy but are of my design of what I thought might be on Ben Gately's fictional 918th A-2. Hope you enjoy the photos.

Many years ago (sometime in the 90s), I was given an A-2 leather nametape for the Jessie Bishop character (as that's my last name) that was made along with lots of props for a TV mini-series based on the book that didn't get too far before being killed in development. I got to see several of the jackets and other things collected but no idea where it all went. I don't think there was that much stuff, and this was back when old movie prop stuff wasn't considered a collecting thing unless from a famous movie, and movie companies were still getting rid of costumes and props into dumpsters if they were made for the production and couldn't be seen as being useful for later productions.

To any one with an interest in both the movie and TV series I would highly recommend the book "The 12 O'Clock High Logbook" by Allan Duffin & Paul Matheis. Just jam packed with information about both the movie and TV series. According to this volume the props for the movie were obtained from the USAF. This included: 20 Wristwatches, 150 Oxygen masks, 130 Mae Wests, 160 Parachutes and harnesses, 60 Flak suits, 100 Escape kits, 140 Flight bags, 60 pairs of Sunglasses, 36 Flight suits, 50 brown leather Flight Jackets (A-2's?), 50 Mechanic coveralls, 25 pair of Shoes. In addition there were undershirts, socks, hospital bathrobes and even 12 Quonset Huts and dummy bombs. Is it possible then that Fullerton Studios provided the props for the TV series and not the movie? Anyhow hope you enjoy the photos. ff782bc1db

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